References for species: Cervis elaphus

1. Adams, Arthur W. 1982. Migration. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 301-322. [14493]

2. Asherin, Duane A. 1973. Prescribed burning effects on nutrition, production and big game use of key northern Idaho browse species. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho. 96 p. Dissertation. [360]

3. Bartos, Dale L.; Mueggler, Walter F. 1979. Influence of fire on vegetation production in the aspen ecosystem in western Wyoming. In: Boyce, Mark S.; Hayden-Wing, Larry D., eds. North American elk, ecology, behavior and management. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming: 75-78. [5101]

4. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

5. Boyd, Raymond J. 1978. American elk. In: Schmidt, John L.; Gilbert, Douglas L., eds. Big game of North America. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 11-30. [14654]

6. Brown, James K. 1985. Role and use of fire in aspen. In: Foresters' future: leaders of followers?: Proceedings of the 1985 Society of American Foresters National Convention; July 28-31; Fort Collins, CO. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 101-105. [5104]

7. Bryant, Larry D.; Maser, Chris. 1982. Classification and distribution. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 1-60. [14490]

8. Campbell, Dan L. 1974. Establishing preferred browse to reduce damage to Douglas-fir seedlings by deer and elk. In: Black, Hugh C., ed. Wildlife and forest management in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a symposium; 1973 September 11-12; Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, School of Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory: 187-192. [8006]

9. Canfield, Jodie E.; Lyon, L. Jack; Hillis, J. Michael. 1986. The influence of viewing angle on elk hiding cover in young timber stands. Res. Pap. INT-371. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 5 p. [7953]

10. Canon, Stephen Kemble. 1985. Habitat selection, foraging behavior, and dietary nutrition of elk in burned vs unburned aspen forest. Logan, UT: Utah State University. 110 p. Thesis. [599]

11. Canon, S. K.; Urness, P. J.; DeByle, N. V. 1987. Habitat selection, foraging behavior, and dietary nutrition of elk in burned aspen forest. Journal of Range Management. 40(5): 443-438. [3453]

12. Davis, Peter R. 1976. Response of vertebrate fauna forest fire and clearcutting in south central Wyoming. Final Report Cooperative Agreements Nos. 16-391-CA and 16-464-CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and University of Wyoming. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology. 94 p. [318]

13. Davis, Peter R. 1977. Cervid response to forest fire and clearcutting in southeastern Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management. 41(4): 785-788. [224]

14. DeByle, Norbert V.; Urness, Philip J.; Blank, Deborah L. 1989. Forage quality in burned and unburned aspen communities. Res. Pap. INT-404. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 8 p. [6588]

15. Edge, W. Daniel; Marcum, C. Les. 1985. Movement of elk in relation to logging disturbances. Journal of Wildlife Management. 49(4): 926-930. [7962]

16. Edge, W. Daniel. 1982. Distribution, habitat use and movements of elk in relation to roads and human disturbance in western Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 98 p. Thesis. [14652]

17. Edge, W. Daniel; Marcum, C. Les; Olson-Edge, Sally L. 1987. Summer habitat selection by elk in western Montana: a multivariate approach. Journal of Wildlife Management. 51(4): 844-851. [14372]

18. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

19. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]

20. Gnaidek, Steven J. 1987. Elk and cattle relationships on summer range in southwest Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 40 p. Thesis. [14653]

21. Greer, Kenneth R.; Worley, David E.; Brunetti, Oscar A. 1982. Diseases and parasites. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 181-218. [14491]

22. Gruell, G. E.; Loope, L. L. 1974. Relationships among aspen, fire, and ungulate browsing in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region. 33 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. [3862]

23. Irwin, Larry L.; Peek, James M. 1983. Elk habitat use relative to forest succession in Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management. 47(3): 664-672. [12893]

24. Jourdonnais, Craig S.; Bedunah, Donald J. 1990. Prescribed fire and cattle grazing on an elk winter range in Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 18(3): 232-240. [14113]

25. Kramp, Betty A.; Patton, David R.; Brady, Ward W. 1983. The effects of fire on wildlife habitat and species. RUN WILD: Wildlife/ habitat relationships. Albuerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Wildlife Unit Technical Report. 29 p. [152]

26. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. United States [Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States]. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 1:3,168,000; colored. [3455]

27. Leege, Thomas A. 1968. Prescribed burning for elk in northern Idaho. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1968 March 14-15; Tallahassee, FL. No 8. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 235-253. [5287]

28. Leege, Thomas A. 1979. Effects of repeated prescribed burns on northern Idaho elk browse. Northwest Science. 53(2): 107-113. [5116]

29. Leege, Thomas A., compiler. 1984. Guidelines for evaluating and managing summer elk habitat in northern Idaho. [Wildlife Bull. No. 11]. Boise, ID: Idaho Fish and Game. 37 p. [A cooperative effort. Financial support provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game Federal Aid Project W-160-R, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Plum Creek Timber Company and Idaho Forest Industry Council]. [13681]

30. Leege, Thomas A.; Godbolt, Grant. 1985. Herebaceous response following prescribed burning and seeding of elk range in Idaho. Northwest Science. 59(2): 134-143. [1436]

31. Lowe, Philip Orval. 1975. Potential wildlife benefits of fire in ponderosa pine forests. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. 131 p. M.S. thesis. [5115]

32. Lowe, Philip O.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Dieterich, John H.; Patton, David R. 1978. Determining potential wildlife benefits from wildfire in Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-52. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p. [4481]

33. Lyon, L. Jack. 1976. Elk use as related to characteristics of clearcuts in western Montana. In: Hieb, S. R.,, ed. Elk-logging-roads: Proceedings of the symposium; 1976 December 16-17; Moscow, ID. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho: 69-72. [7954]

34. Lyon, L. Jack. 1979. Habitat effectiveness for elk as influenced by roads and cover. Journal of Forestry. 77(10): 658-660. [7959]

35. Lyon, L. Jack. 1979. Influences of logging and weather on elk distribution in western Montana. Res. Pap. INT-236. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 11 p. [7958]

36. Lyon, Jack L.; Ward, A. Lorin. 1982. Elk and land management. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 443-478. [14496]

37. Martinka, C. J. 1976. Fire and elk in Glacier National Park. In: Proceedings, Tall Timbers fire ecology conference and fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No. 14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 377-389. [7523]

38. McCabe, Richard E. 1982. Elk and Indians: historical values and perspectives. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 61-124. [14497]

39. Merrill, Evelyn H. 1982. Shrub responses after fire in an Idaho ponderosa pine community. Journal of Wildlife Management. 46(2): 496-501. [1641]

40. Nelson, Jack R.; Leege, Thomas A. 1982. Nutritional requirements and food habits. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 323-368. [14494]

41. Peek, James M.; Scott, Michael D.; Nelson, Louis J.; [and others}. 1982. Role of cover in habitat management for big game in northwestern United States. Transactions, 47th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 47: 363-373. [13901]

42. Peek, James M. 1987. Elk. In: Chapman, Joseph A.; Feldhamer, George A., eds. Wild mammals of North America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press: 851-861. [14655]

43. Rowland, Mary M. 1983. A fire for winter elk. New Mexico Wildlife Magazine. 28(6): 2-5. [5160]

44. Skovlin, Jon M. 1982. Habitat requirements and evaluations. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 369-414. [14495]

45. Skovlin, Jon M.; Edgerton, Paul J.; McConnell, Burt R. 1983. Elk use of winter range as affected by cattle grazing, fertilizing, and burning in southeastern Washington. Journal of Range Management. 36(2): 184-189. [2154]

46. Taber, Richard D.; Raedeke, Kenneth; McCaughran, Donald A. 1982. Population characteristics. In: Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 279-300. [14492]

47. Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale E., eds. 1982. Elk of North America: ecology and management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 698 p. [14489]

48. Thomas, Jack Ward; Leckenby, Donavin A.; Lyon, L. Jack; [and others]. 1988. Integrated management of timber-elk-cattle: interior forests of western North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-225. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 12 p. [7955]

49. Weaver, Stephen M. 1987. Fire and elk: summer prescription burning on elk winter range, a new direction in habitat management on the Nez Perce National Forest. Bugle: The Quarterly Journal of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. 4(2): 41-42. [98]

50. Wisdom, Michael J.; Bright, Larry R.; Carey, Christopher G.; [and others]. 1986. A model to evaluate elk habitat in western Oregon. R6-Fish & Wildlife-216-1986. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 36 p. [14657]

51. Lyon, L. Jack; Lonner, Terry N.; Weigand, John P.; [and others]. 1985. Coordinating elk and timber management: Final report of the Montna Cooperative Elk-Logging Study. Helena, MT: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 53 p. [14656]

52. Jones, J. Knox, Jr.; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Rice, Dale W.; [and others]. 1992. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers No. 146. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University, The Museum. 6 p. [22160]

Related categories for | Elk