Finland Orthodox Church of Finland
View of Helsinki's historic center foreground, Uspenski
Cathedral, the largest Orthodox church in Western Europe; upper
left, the Esplanade, the capital's spacious promenade
Courtesy Embassy of Finland, Washington
The other state church was the Orthodox Church of
Finland.
Although it had a much smaller membership than the
Lutheran
Church of Finland, only 56,000 in 1987, it enjoyed the
same legal
status and rights as the larger church. The state paid it
the
church tax it had collected from its parishioners, and the
Orthodox Church kept parishioners' official demographic
records.
Although the state had some control over its activity, the
Orthodox Church was largely independent. It also was a
distinctly
Finnish church, for although it rites and practices were
Slavic,
in accordance with Orthodox doctrine, it had been using
the
Finnish language in its services since the second half of
the
nineteenth century. After Finland became independent, the
Orthodox Church of Finland broke with the Russian Orthodox
Church, and after 1923, it belonged to the Ecumenical
Patriarchate of Constantinople, the leader of which was
its
nominal head.
Before World War II, most members of the Orthodox
Church
lived in the province of Karelia. After much of the
province was
annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944, most Finns living in
the
annexed areas fled westward. Some 70 percent of the
members of
the Orthodox Church were therefore dispersed throughout
Finland,
and many settled in regions where before there had been
only
Lutherans. By the 1980s, there were twenty-five parishes
in the
country. In 1980 a third diocese was created in northern
Finland
to minister better to Orthodox Christians living in that
region
and to make the Orthodox Church eligible to become fully
autonomous, or in Orthodox terminology, autocephalous.
The highest official of the Finnish church was the
archbishop
of the diocese of Karelia, with its seat at Kuopio. Two
other
bishops, or metropolitans, headed the other two dioceses,
those
of Helsinki and Oulu. The church's highest governing body
was the
Church Assembly, which met every third year unless more
frequent
meetings were necessary. It consisted of thirty-four
voting
members, seventeen of whom were laymen. Routine
administration
was managed by the Church Council. The Bishops' Synod
approved
the doctrinal decisions of the assembly. Local
administrative
practices were democratized, and mirrored the power and
influence
of the laity seen in the Lutheran Church.
Data as of December 1988
|