Appendix A. Tables
Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and
Factors
When you kow |
Multiply by |
To find |
Millimeters |
0.04 |
inches |
Centimeters |
0.39 |
inches |
Meters |
3.3 |
feet |
Kilometers |
0.62 |
miles |
Hectares |
2.47 |
acres |
Square kilometers |
0.39 |
square miles |
Cubic meters |
35.3 |
cubic feet |
Liters |
0.26 |
gallons |
Kilograms |
2.2 |
pounds |
Metric tons |
0.98 |
long tons |
|
1.1 |
short tons |
|
2,204 |
pounds |
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) |
1.8 and add 32 |
degrees Fahrenheit |
Table 2. Population Distribution by Governorate,
1987
(in thousands)
Administrative Division |
Female |
Male |
Urban |
Rural |
Total |
Governorate |
Al Anbar |
390 |
428 |
538 |
280 |
818 |
Al Basrah |
438 |
434 |
782 |
90 |
872 |
Al Muthanna |
160 |
153 |
163 |
150 |
313 |
Al Q adisiyah |
280 |
281 |
321 |
240 |
561 |
An Najaf |
362 |
361 |
568 |
155 |
723 |
At Tamim |
255 |
338 |
473 |
120 |
593 |
Babylon |
557 |
552 |
669 |
440 |
1,109 |
Baghdad |
1,890 |
1,955 |
3,600 |
245 |
3,845 |
Dhi Qar |
445 |
473 |
468 |
450 |
918 |
Diyala |
445 |
455 |
465 |
435 |
900 |
Karbala |
229 |
227 |
341 |
115 |
456 |
Maysan |
244 |
256 |
275 |
225 |
500 |
Nineveh |
745 |
762 |
982 |
525 |
1,5071 |
Salah ad Din |
350 |
374 |
400 |
324 |
724 |
Wasit |
225 |
235 |
260 |
200 |
460 |
Autonomous Region2 |
As Sulaymaniyah |
433 |
510 |
543 |
400 |
943 |
Dahuk |
125 |
168 |
160 |
133 |
293 |
Irbil |
340 |
403 |
475 |
268 |
743 |
TOTAL |
7,9131 |
8,3651 |
11,483 |
4,795 |
16,2781 |
1 From October 17, 1987, census; remaining figures
are estimates.
2 See Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Joint Publications Research
Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, October
20, 1987, 22, and October 21, 1987, 25.
Table 3. Area and Population Density, 1987
Administrative Division |
Land Area (in square kilometers)1 |
Population (in thousands) |
Density (persons per square kilometer |
Governorate |
Al Anbar |
137,723 |
818 |
5.9 |
Al Basrah |
19,070 |
872 |
45.7 |
Al Muthanna |
51,029 |
313 |
6.1 |
Al Qadisiyah |
8,507 |
561 |
65.9 |
An Najaf |
27,844 |
723 |
26.0 |
At Tamim |
10,391 |
593 |
57.1 |
Babylon |
5,258 |
1,1092 |
210.9 |
Baghdad |
5,159 |
3,8452 |
745.3 |
Dhi Qar |
13,626 |
918 |
67.4 |
Diyala |
19,292 |
900 |
46.7 |
Karbala |
5,034 |
456 |
90.6 |
Maysan |
14,103 |
500 |
35.5 |
Nineveh |
37,698 |
1,5072 |
40.0 |
Salah ad Din |
29,004 |
724 |
25.0 |
Wasit |
17,308 |
460 |
26.6 |
Autonomous Region3 |
As Sulaymaniyah |
15,756 |
943 |
59.9 |
Dahuk |
6,120 |
293 |
47.9 |
Irbil |
14,471 |
743 |
51.3 |
TOTAL |
437,393 |
16,2782 |
37.2 |
1 From Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985.
2 From October 17, 1987, census; remaining figures
are estimates.
3 See Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics,
1985, Baghdad, n.d., 10; and Joint Publications Research
Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, October
20, 1987, 22 and October 21, 1987, 25.
Table 4. Teachers, Students, and Schools
School Years 1976-77 to 1985-86, Selected Years
Level |
Number of Teachers |
Number of Students |
|
Total Students |
Number of Schools |
|
|
Male |
Female |
Kindergarten |
1976-77 |
2,291 |
24,223 |
27,617 |
51,840 |
276 |
1979-80 |
3,079 |
33,156 |
47,262 |
80,418 |
358 |
1982-83 |
4,175 |
38,137 |
41,319 |
79,456 |
507 |
1985-86 |
4,657 |
38,604 |
42,827 |
81,431 |
584 |
Primary |
1976-77 |
70,799 |
687,220 |
1,259,962 |
1,947,182 |
8,156 |
1979-80 |
92,644 |
1,174,866 |
1,434,067 |
2,608,933 |
11,316 |
1982-83 |
107,364 |
1,214,410 |
1,400,517 |
2,614,927 |
10,223 |
1985-86 |
118,492 |
1,258,434 |
1,554,082 |
2,812,516 |
8,127 |
Secondary |
1976-77 |
19,471 |
164,442 |
387,600 |
552,042 |
1,319 |
1979-80 |
28,002 |
271,112 |
626,588 |
897,700 |
1,774 |
1982-83 |
32,556 |
334,897 |
636,930 |
971,827 |
1,977 |
1985-86 |
35,051 |
371,214 |
660,346 |
1,031,560 |
2,238 |
Vocational1 |
1976-77 |
1,906 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
28,365 |
82 |
1979-80 |
3,928 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
4,026 |
126 |
1982-83 |
4,733 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
61,383 |
157 |
1985-86 |
6,405 |
31,252 |
88,838 |
120,090 |
237 |
Teacher Training Schools2 |
1977-78 |
666 |
12,685 |
4,652 |
17,337 |
32 |
1982-83 |
1,022 |
15,936 |
10,255 |
26,191 |
36 |
1985-86 |
209 |
3,355 |
2,928 |
6,283 |
7 |
Teacher Training Institutes3 |
1977-78 |
241 |
3,233 |
3,019 |
6,252 |
13 |
1982-83 |
219 |
3,286 |
3,197 |
6,483 |
7 |
|
1985-86 |
1,202 |
16,820 |
11,083 |
27,903 |
37 |
University, College, or Technical Institutes4 |
1976-77 |
4,008 |
24,584 |
56,914 |
81,498 |
9 |
1979-80 |
5,680 |
9,298 |
21,884 |
31,182 |
9 |
1982-83 |
6,674 |
10,536 |
23,626 |
34,162 |
9 |
1985-86 |
7,616 |
17,015 |
36,022 |
53,037 |
9 |
1 Includes commercial, technical, and agricultural
schools.
2 A three-year course for those who had completed intermediate
studies.
3 A two-year course for secondary school graduates.
4 Includes Iraqi, other Arab, and foreign faculty and
students at University of Baghdad, University of Basra, Foundation
of Technical Institutes, University of Mosul, University of Al
Mustansiriyah, University of Salah ad Din, University of Technology,
and the religious colleges affiliated with the University of Baghdad
and the University of Al Mustansiriyah.
Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics,
1985, Baghdad, n.d., 203-33.
Table 5. Medical Personnel and Facilities,
1985
Administrative Division |
Estimated Population (in thousands)1 |
Hospitals |
Hospital Beds |
Doctors |
Paramedics |
Governorate |
Al Anbar |
818 |
11 |
825 |
206 |
523 |
Al Basrah |
872 |
14 |
2,212 |
399 |
1,562 |
Al Muthanna |
313 |
5 |
499 |
499 |
307 |
Al Qadisiyah |
561 |
11 |
749 |
163 |
435 |
An Najaf |
723 |
8 |
1,355 |
207 |
581 |
At Tamim |
593 |
8 |
869 |
146 |
488 |
Babylon |
1,1092 |
7 |
859 |
203 |
623 |
Baghdad |
3,8452 |
41 |
10,006 |
2,145 |
4,535 |
Dhi Qar |
918 |
15 |
1,102 |
160 |
600 |
Diyala |
900 |
10 |
836 |
148 |
454 |
Karbala |
456 |
4 |
488 |
118 |
287 |
Maysan |
500 |
10 |
956 |
126 |
546 |
Nineveh |
1,5072 |
21 |
2,223 |
498 |
1,011 |
Salah ad Din |
724 |
6 |
775 |
125 |
403 |
Wasit |
460 |
10 |
590 |
137 |
506 |
Autonomous Region3 |
As Sulaymaniyah |
943 |
11 |
1,187 |
124 |
630 |
Dahuk |
293 |
7 |
490 |
124 |
344 |
Irbil |
743 |
17 |
1,684 |
196 |
848 |
TOTAL |
16,278 |
216 |
27,705 |
5,724 |
14,683 |
1 For 1987.
2 From October 17, 1987, census.
3 See Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics,
1985, Baghdad, n.d., 192-96; and Joint Publications Research
Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia,
October 20, 1987, 22 and October 21, 1987, 25.
Table 6. Crude Oil Production and Oil Revenues,
1982-87
|
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
Production (in thousands of barrels per day) |
972 |
922 |
1,203 |
1,437 |
1,746 |
2,076 |
Revenue (in millions of United States dollars) |
$10,250* |
$9,650* |
$10,000* |
$11,900* |
$6,813* |
$11,300* |
*Estimated.
Source: Based on information from Central Intelligence Agency,
Directorate of Intelligence, Economic and Energy Indicators,
June 3, 1988, 9, and The Middle East and North Africa, 1989,
London: Europa, 1988, 475.
Table 7. Production and Area of Major Crops,
Selected Years, 1981-85
|
Production (in thousands of tons) |
|
|
Cultivated Area (in thousands of hectares) |
Crop |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
Wheat |
902 |
841 |
1,406 |
484.7 |
512.6 |
626.6 |
Barley |
925 |
835 |
1,331 |
419.5 |
556.6 |
579.5 |
Rice |
162 |
111 |
149 |
22.9 |
22.7 |
24.5 |
Cotton |
13 |
12 |
7 |
4.5 |
5.5 |
4.3 |
Tobacco |
12 |
14 |
17 |
4.8 |
5.8 |
6.6 |
Tomatoes |
425 |
439 |
612 |
16.4 |
14.9 |
19.1 |
Eggplant |
83 |
112 |
232 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
5.6 |
Watermelon |
491 |
583 |
757 |
17.1 |
18.8 |
21.9 |
Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics,
1985, Baghdad, n.d., 59-64.
Table 8. Principal Exports and Imports, 1984
Exports (in millions of Iraqi dinars*) |
|
Imports (in millions of Iraqi dinars*) |
Oil, gas and related products |
7,028 |
Machinery, including aircraft |
65,067 |
Foodstuffs |
681 |
Manufactured goods |
48,786 |
Raw materials (including fertilizers, cement) |
287 |
Foodstuffs |
43,828 |
Manufactured goods |
241 |
Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and explosives |
17,225 |
Heating, medical equipment, furniture, and clothes |
10,285 |
Other items |
36 |
Other items |
10,653 |
TOTAL |
8,273 |
|
195,844 |
* For value of the Iraqi dinar--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics,
1985, Baghdad, n.d., 164.
Table 9. Direction of Trade, 1985- 1986
(in percentages)
Country |
1985 |
1986 |
Exports |
Brazil |
17.7 |
n.a. |
Britain |
n.a. |
1.2 |
France |
13.0 |
7.0 |
Italy |
11.0 |
8.1 |
Japan |
6.0 |
10.5 |
Spain |
10.7 |
n.a. |
Turkey |
8.1 |
8.1 |
United States |
4.7 |
5.8 |
West Germany |
n.a. |
10.5 |
Yugoslavia |
8.0 |
8.1 |
Imports |
Brazil |
7.0 |
n.a. |
Britain |
6.3 |
8.0 |
France |
7.5 |
6.8 |
Italy |
7.6 |
8.0 |
Japan |
14.4 |
14.8 |
Kuwait |
4.2 |
n.a. |
Turkey |
8.2 |
9.0 |
United States |
n.a. |
5.7 |
West Germany |
9.2 |
8.0 |
Yugoslavia |
n.a. |
4.5 |
n.a. -- not available.
Source: Based on information from the International Monetary
Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics, cited in the Economist
Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Iraq, No. 1, 1987,
2 and No. 1, 1988, 2.
Table 10. Armed Forces Manpower, 1977- 87
|
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Armed Forces |
Army |
160,000 |
190,000 |
210,0001 |
475,0001 |
475,0001 |
475,000 |
Navy |
3,000 |
4,000 |
4,2501 |
4,2501 |
5,0001 |
5,0001 |
Air Force |
15,000 |
18,000 |
28,0001 |
28,0001 |
30,0001 |
30,000 |
Air Defense |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,0001 |
10,0001 |
10,0001 |
10,000 |
TOTAL |
188,000 |
222,000 |
252,2501 |
517,2501,2 |
520,0001 |
520,000 |
Reserves |
250,000 |
250,000 |
250,000 |
75,000 |
75,000 |
480,000 |
Paramilitary |
People's Army |
50,000 |
75,000 |
250,0003 |
250,000 |
450,000 |
650,000 |
Security Forces |
4,800 |
4,800 |
4,800 |
4,800 |
4,800 |
4,800 |
Frontier Guard |
- |
- |
- |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. --not available.
1 Losses make estimates tentative
2 In addition, 10,000 armed forces personnel from Egypt,
Jordan, and Sudan served in Iraq.
3 75,000 of these mobilized.
Table 11. Major Army Equipment, 1987
*
Type |
Designation |
Inventory |
Armored fighting vehicles |
Heavy and medium tanks |
T-54, T-55, T- 62, T-72 |
2,790 |
|
T-59, T-69 II |
1,500 |
|
Chieftain Mark 3\5, M-60, M- 47 |
150 |
|
M-77 |
60 |
Light tanks |
PT-76 |
100 |
TOTAL |
|
4,600 |
Armored vehicles |
Mechanized infantry combat vehicles |
BMP |
1,000 |
Reconnaissance vehicles |
BRDM-2, FUG- 70, ERC-90, MOWAG Roland, EE-9
Cascavel, EE-3 Jararaca |
Armored personnel carriers |
BTR-50, BTR-60, BTR-152, OT-62, OT-64, VC-TH
(with HOT antitank guided weapons), M-113A1, Panhard M-3,
EE-11 Urutu |
TOTAL |
|
4,000 |
Artillery Guns |
122mm: D-74; |
|
130mm: M-46, Type 59-1; |
|
155mm: GCT self-propelled. |
5 |
Guns\howitzers |
152mm: M- 1937; |
|
155mm: G-5, |
40 |
|
GHN-45 |
40 |
Howitzers |
105mm: M-56 pack; |
|
122mm: D-30 towed, M-1938, |
|
M-1974 (2S1); |
|
152mm: M-1943, M-1973 (2S3) self- propelled; |
155mm: M-114 |
M-109 self- propelled |
TOTAL |
|
3,000 |
Multiple rocket launchers |
Includes 122mm: BM-21 n.a. |
|
127mm: ASTROS II 60 |
|
132mm: BM-13, BM-16 |
n.a. |
TOTAL |
|
200 |
Surface-to-surface missiles |
FROG- 7 |
30 |
|
Scud-B |
20 |
TOTAL |
|
50 |
Mortars |
81mm; 120mm; 160mm |
n.a. |
Antitank weapons |
Recoilless rifles |
73mm: SPG- 9 |
|
82mm: B-10 |
|
107mm |
n.a. |
Guns |
85mm; 100mm towed; 105mm: JPz |
100 |
|
SK-105 self-propelled |
n.a. |
Antitank guided weapons |
AT-3 Sagger (including BRDM-2) |
n.a. |
|
AT-4 Spigot (reported), SS-11, Milan, HOT |
n.a. |
Army Air Corps, |
armed helicopters |
Attack helicopters |
Mil Mi24 Hind, with AT-2 Swatter |
40 |
|
SA-342 Gazelle (some with HOT) |
50 |
|
SA-321 Super Frelon (some with Exocet AM-38
ASM) |
10 |
|
SA-316B Alouette III, with AS-12 ASM |
30 |
|
BO-105, with AS-11 antitank guided weapons |
56 |
|
Hughes-530F |
26 |
|
Hughes-500D |
30 |
|
Hughes-300C |
30 |
TOTAL |
|
272 |
Transport helicopters |
Heavy |
Mi-6 Hook |
10 |
Medium |
Mi-8 |
100 |
Light |
Mi-4 |
20 |
|
SA-330 Puma |
10 |
TOTAL |
|
140 |
Air defense weapons |
Guns |
23mm: ZSU-23-4 self-propelled; 37mm: M-1939
and twin; 57mm: includes ZSU-57-2 self-propelled; 85mm; 100mm;
130mm |
TOTAL |
|
4,000 |
Surface-to-air missiles |
SA-2 |
120 |
|
SA-3, SA-6, SA-7, SA-9 |
150 |
|
Roland |
60 |
TOTAL |
|
300 |
n.a. --not available.
* Equipment estimates are tentative because of wartime losses.
Source: Based on information from International Institute for
Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-1988. London,
1987, 100.
Table 12. Major Navy Equipment, 1987
Type and Description |
Inventory |
Frigates |
5 |
4 Lupo class with 8 Otomat-2 SSM, 1 X 8 |
Albatros/Aspide SAM, 1 helicopter (held in Italy) |
1 Yug (training vessel) |
Corvettes |
6 |
Assad class, all with 1 X 4 |
Albatros/Aspide SAMs: |
2 with 2 Otomat-2 SSMs, 1 helicopter; |
4 with 6 Otomat-2 SSMs; |
completed (all 6 held in Italy) |
Fast-attack craft (missiles) OSA class, each with 4 Styx
SSMs (6 of model II, 2 of model I), |
8 |
Fast-attack craft (torpedoes) |
4 |
P-6 (may not be operable) |
Large patrol craft: SO-1 |
3 |
Coastal patrol craft: Zhuk (under 100 tons) |
5 |
Minesweepers |
8 |
2 Soviet T-43 (ocean); |
3 Yevgenya (ocean); and |
3 Nestin (inshore/river) |
Amphibious |
6 |
3 Polnocny (LSM1) |
3 modern cargo (LST2) |
Support ships |
5 |
1 Stromboli class |
2 Poluchat torpedo support; |
1 Agnadeen tanker; and 1 Transport |
1 Landing ship, medium.
2 Landing ship tank.
Source: Based on information from International Institute for
Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-1988, London,
1987, 100.
Table 13. Major Air Force Equipment, 1987
Type |
Designation |
Inventory |
Bombers |
Tu-16 |
8 |
|
Tu-22 |
7 |
Fighters |
MiG-29 |
28 |
|
MiG-23BM |
40 |
|
Mirage F-1C |
40 |
|
Mirage F-1EQ5 (Exocet- equipped) |
20 |
|
Mirage F-1EQ-200 |
23 |
|
F-7 (Chinese version of MiG-21 assembled in
Egypt) |
70 |
|
Su-7; Su-20 (Su-25 reported) |
n.a. |
Interceptors |
MiG-25 |
25 |
|
MiG-21 |
200 |
|
MiG-19 |
40 |
|
Mirage F-1EQ |
30 |
Reconnaissance |
MiG-25 |
5 |
Transport aircraft |
An-2 Colt |
10 |
|
An-12 Cub |
10 |
|
An-24 Coke (retiring) |
6 |
|
An-26 Curl |
2 |
|
Il-76 Candid |
19 |
|
Il-14 Crate |
19 |
|
DH Heron |
1 |
Trainers |
MiG-15, MiG-21, MiG-23U, Su- 7U |
n.a. |
|
Mirage F-1BQ |
16 |
|
L-29 Delfin |
50 |
|
L-39 Albatros |
40 |
|
PC-7 Turbo Trainer |
50 |
|
EMB-312 Tucano |
21 |
Air-to-air missiles |
R-530 |
n.a. |
|
R-550 Magic |
n.a. |
|
AA-2, AA-6, AA-7, AA-8 |
n.a. |
Air-to-surface missiles |
AS-30 Laser |
200 |
|
Armat |
n.a. |
|
Exocet AM-39 |
542 |
|
AS-4 Kitchen |
n.a. |
|
AS-5 Kelt |
n.a. |
n.a. --not available.
|