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Jordan Agricultural Development
Although the agricultural sector's share of GNP declined in
comparison with other sectors of the economy, farming remained
economically important and production grew in absolute terms.
Between 1975 and 1985, total production of cereals and beans rose
by almost 150 percent, and production of vegetables rose by more
than 200 percent, almost all of the increase occurring between 1975
and 1980. Production of certain cash export crops, such as olives,
tobacco, and fruit, more than quadrupled. Because farming had
remained labor intensive, by one estimate about 20 percent to 30
percent of the male work force continued to depend on farming for
its livelihood.
Even with increased production, the failure of agriculture to
keep pace with the growth of the rest of the economy, however,
resulted in an insufficient domestic food supply. Jordan thus
needed to import such staples as cereals, grains, and meat. Wheat
imports averaged about 350,000 tons per year, ten to twenty times
the amount produced domestically. Red meat imports cost more than
JD30 million per year, and onion and potato imports cost between
JD3 million and JD4 million per year. Between 1982 and 1985, the
total food import bill averaged about JD180 million per year,
accounting for more than 15 percent of total imports during the
period. At the same time, cash crop exports--for example, the
export of 7,000 tons of food to Western Europe in 1988--generated
about JD40 million per year, yielding a net food deficit of JD140
million. One emerging problem in the late 1980s was the erosion of
Jordan's traditional agricultural export market. The wealthy oilexporting states of the Arabian Peninsula, concerned about their
"food security," were starting to replace imports from Jordan with
food produced domestically at costs far higher than world market
prices, using expensive desalinated water.
Data as of December 1989
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