| Appendix A. Tables Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and
Factors 
| When you kow | Multiply by | To find |  
| Millimeters | 0.04 | inches |  
| Centimeters | 0.39 | inches |  
| Meters | 3.3 | feet |  
| Kilometers | 0.62 | miles |  
| Hectares | 2.47 | acres |  
| Square kilometers | 0.39 | square miles |  
| Cubic meters | 35.3 | cubic feet |  
| Liters | 0.26 | gallons |  
| Kilograms | 2.2 | pounds |  
| Metric tons | 0.98 | long tons |  
|  | 1.1 | short tons |  
|  | 2,204 | pounds |  
| Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) | 1.8 and add 32 | degrees Fahrenheit |  Table 2. Kuwait: Population by Nationality
Selected Years, 1957-89 
| Census Year and Nationality | Population | Percentage |  
| 1957 |  
| Kuwaiti | 113,622 | 55.0 |  
| 1961 |  
| Kuwaiti | 161,909 | 50.3 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 159,712 | 49.7 |  
| Total | 321,621 | 100.0 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 247,280 | 52.1 |  
| Total | 467,339 | 100.0 |  
| 1970 |  
| Kuwaiti | 347,396 | 47.0 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 391,266 | 53.0 |  
| Total | 738,662 | 100.0 |  
| 1975 |  
| Kuwaiti | 472,088 | 47.5 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 522,749 | 52.5 |  
| Total | 994,837 | 100.0 |  
| 1980 |  
| Kuwaiti | 565,613 | 41.7 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 792,339 | 58.3 |  
| Total | 1,357,952 | 100.0 |  
| 1985 |  
| Kuwaiti | 681,288 | 40.1 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 1,016,013 | 59.9 |  
| Total | 1,697,301 | 100.0 |  
| 1989* |  
| Kuwaiti | 826,586 | 38.6 |  
| Non-Kuwaiti | 1,316,014 | 61.4 |  
| Total | 2,142,600 | 100.0 |   * Estimated.   Source: Based on information from Kuwait, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract, 1989,
Kuwait, 1990, Tables 11 and 12, 27.  Table 3. Kuwait: Enrollment in Government
Schools by Education Level, Nationality, and Gender, Academic
Year 1989-90 
(ten years of age and older)
| Education Level | Kuwaiti | Non- Kuwaiti |  
| Primary |  
| Males | 35,042 | 24,592 |  
| Females | 34,619 | 24,525 |  
| Total primary | 69,661 | 49,117 |  
| Intermediate |  
| Males | 31,601 | 30,325 |  
| Females | 30,575 | 27,799 |  
| Total intermediate | 62,176 | 58,124 |  
| Secondary |  
| Males | 21,072 | 28,498 |  
| Females | 23,033 | 25,314 |  
| Total secondary | 44,105 | 53,812 |   Source: Based on information from Kuwait, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract, 1990-91,
Kuwait, 1992, Table 269, 324.  Table 4. Kuwait: Number of Teachers, Students
and Schools, Selected Academic Years, 1962-63 to 1988-89 
|  | 1962-63 | 1967-68 | 1972- 73 | 1977-78 | 1982-83 | 1988-89 |  
| Teachers |  
| Males | 1,551 | 3,342 | 5,734 | 9,673 | 12,052 | 12,286 |  
| Females | 1,390 | 3,053 | 5,771 | 10,101 | 13,085 | 16,145 |  
| Total teachers | 2,941 | 6,395 | 11,505 | 19,774 | 25,137 | 28,431 |  
| Students |  
| Males | 35,674 | 64,366 | 88,897 | 136,714 | 176,368 | 190,624 |  
| Females | 23,877 | 47,655 | 71,334 | 116,498 | 158,574 | 182,063 |  
| Total students | 59,551 | 112,021 | 160,231 | 253,212 | 334,942 | 372,687 |  
| Schools | 140 | 195 | 273 | 394 | 519 | 642 |   Source: Based on information from Kuwait, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract, 1989,
Kuwait, 1990, Table 305, 355.  Table 5. Kuwait: Government Medical Facilities
and Personnel, Selected Years, 1979-88 
|  | 1979 | 1982 | 1984 | 1986 | 1988 |  
| Hospitals and sanitoriums | 9 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 |  
| Clinics | 49 | 54 | 62 | 62 | 65 |  
| Dental clinics | 78 | 114 | 140 | 169 | 193 |  
| Maternal care centers | 15 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 23 |  
| Child care centers | 24 | 28 | 32 | 38 | 42 |  
| Preventive health centers | 16 | 23 | 25 | 28 | 29 |  
| School clinics | 420 | 494 | 540 | 626 | 688 |  
| Physicians | 1,555 | 2,254 | 2,442 | 2,548 | 2,641 |  
| Dentists | 167 | 223 | 259 | 294 | 320 |  
| Nurses and assistant nurses | 5,322 | 7,866 | 9,000* | 8,069 | 8,500* |  
| Pharmacists and assistant pharmacists | 578 | 687 | 719 | 769 | 805 |   * Estimated.   Source: Based on information from Kuwait, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract, 1989,
Kuwait, 1990, Table 339, 397.  Table 6. Kuwait: Production of Crude Oil,
Selected Years, 1946-92 
(in thousands of barrels)
| Year | Production | Year | Production |  
| 1946 | 5,900 | 1970 | 1,090,600 |  
| 1950 | 125,700 | 1975 | 760,700 |  
| 1955 | 402,700 | 1980 | 607,268 |  
| 1960 | 619,100 | 1985 | 387,363 |  
| 1965 | 861,500 | 1992 | 41,061 |   Source: Based on information from M.W. Khouja and P.G. Sadler,
The Economy of Kuwait, London, 1979, 26; Kuwait, Ministry
of Planning, Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical
Abstract, 1989, Kuwait, 1990, Table 200, 210; and Organization
of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin,
1993, Vienna, 1993, 23.  Table 7. Kuwait: Government Revenues, Fiscal
Years 1985 and 1989 
(in thousands of Kuwaiti dinars)*
|  | 1985 | 1989 |  
| Oil revenues | 2,094,675 | 1,941,969 |  
| Taxes |  
| Customs duties and fees | 59,481 | 65,877 |  
| Taxes on net income and profits of non-oil companies | 11,634 | 13,000 |  
| Taxes on real estate property transfers | 1,348 | 2,250 |  
| Taxes and fees on goods and services and entry and registration
fees | 477 | 538 |  
| Total taxes | 72,940 | 81,665 |  
| Service charges |  
| Transportation and communication | 67,014 | 89,425 |  
| Electricity and water | 50,311 | 60,078 |  
| Housing and public utilities | 10,645 | 10,038 |  
| Security and justice | 9,091 | 7,733 |  
| Financial stamps revenue | 6,410 | 14,800 |  
| Education | 4,538 | 5,606 |  
| Health | 581 | 720 |  
| Other | 974 | 670 |  
| Total service charges | 149,564 | 189,070 |  
| Miscellaneous revenues and fees | 20,718 | 17,546 |  
| Sales of land and real estate | 7,196 | 250 |  
| TOTAL | 2,345,093 | 2,230,500 |   * For value of the Kuwaiti dinar--see Glossary.   Source: Based on information from Kuwait, Ministry of Planning,
Central Statistical Office, Annual Statistical Abstract, 1989,
Kuwait, 1990, Table 257, 286.  Table 8. Kuwait: Principal Exports, 1983,
1984, and 1985*1 
(in Kuwaiti dinars)2
| Commodity | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 |  
| Food and live animals | 30,905 | 36,152 | 28,290 |  
| Mineral fuels and lubricants |  
| Crude petroleum | 1,578,171 | 1,920,958 | n.a. |  
| Refined petroleum products | 1,259,269 | 1,258,690 | n.a. |  
| Gas (natural and manufactured) | 100,752 | 77,287 | 77,486 |  
| Other | 15 | 0 | 0 |  
| Total mineral fuels and lubricants | 2,938,207 | 3,256,935 | 2,845,178 |  
| Chemicals |  
| Manufactured fertilizers | 18,352 | 33,237 | 22,258 |  
| Other | 32,033 | 35,172 | 30,961 |  
| Total chemicals | 50,385 | 68,409 | 53,219 |  
| Basic manufactures |  
| Nonmetallic mineral |  
| manufactures | 36,255 | 18,848 | 10,094 |  
| Other | 85,881 | 67,909 | 65,942 |  
| Total basic manufactures | 122,136 | 86,757 | 76,036 |  
| Machinery and transportation equipment |  
| Transportation equipment | 95,580 | 80,108 | 78,024 |  
| Other | 48,967 | 45,379 | 52,871 |  
| Total machinery and transportation equipment | 144,547 | 125,487 | 130,895 |  
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles | 50,157 | 44,301 | 40,234 |  
| Other | 27,420 | 13,429 | 11,216 |  
| TOTAL | 3,363,757 | 3,631,470 | 3,185,068 |   n.a.--not available.1 Free on board. Total exports were KD2,105 million in 1986; KD2,304.4
million in 1987, of which KD666.8 million consisted of crude petroleum
out of a total of KD1,925.4 million for petroleum and petroleum
products; KD2,166.2 million in 1988, of which KD524.6 million
consisted of crude petroleum out of a total of KD1,783.2 million
for petroleum and petroleum products; and KD3,378 million in 1989.
Further breakdown not available.
 2 For value of the Kuwaiti dinar--see Glossary.
  Source: Based on information from The Middle East and North
Africa, 1993, London, 1992, 606.  Table 9. Kuwait: Principal Imports, 1986,
1987, and 1988 
(in thousands of Kuwaiti dinars)2
| Commodity | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 |  
| Food and live animals |  
| Live animals | 46,350 | 37,684 | 42,713 |  
| Grains and grain products | 34,459 | 33,731 | 32,537 |  
| Fruits and vegetables | 79,139 | 81,659 | 82,181 |  
| Other | 106,498 | 115,440 | 121,899 |  
| Total food and live animals | 266,446 | 268,514 | 279,330 |  
| Chemicals | 98,872 | 110,489 | 132,027 |  
| Basic manufactures |  
| Paper, cardboard, and manufactures | 24,382 | 29,904 | 37,051 |  
| Textile yarn and fabrics | 75,150 | 80,642 | 92,126 |  
| Nonmetallic mineral manufactures | 47,822 | 48,588 | 58,751 |  
| Iron and steel | 87,807 | 52,321 | 81,086 |  
| Other | 85,229 | 81,034 | 103,625 |  
| Total basic manufactures | 320,390 | 292,489 | 372,639 |  
| Machinery and transportation equipment |  
| Nonelectric machinery | 147,844 | 131,750 | 107,714 |  
| Electric machinery and apparatus | 285,230 | 213,108 | 152,873 |  
| Transportation equipment | 213,408 | 171,036 | 234,140 |  
| Total machinery and transportation equipment | 646,482 | 515,894 | 494,727 |  
| Miscellaneous manufactured articles |  
| Clothing (excluding footwear) | 81,257 | 85,308 | 107,289 |  
| Scientific instruments and watches | 43,307 | 40,573 | 43,023 |  
| Other | 141,736 | 125,502 | 148,093 |  
| Total miscellaneous manufactured articles | 266,300 | 251,383 | 298,405 |  
| Other | 62,741 | 91,942 | 137,028 |  
| TOTAL | 1,661,231 | 1,530,711 | 1,714,156 |   1 Cost, insurance, and freight. Total imports in 1989 were KD1,849.4
million; breakdown not available.2 For value of the Kuwaiti dinar--see Glossary.
  Source: Based on information from The Middle East and North
Africa, 1993, London, 1992, 605.  Table 10. Kuwait: Major Trading Partners,
1990 and 1991 
(in percentages)
| Country | 19901 | 19912 |  
| Exports |  
| Britain | n.a. | 11.1 |  
| Egypt | n.a. | 10.0 |  
| France | n.a. | 16.1 |  
| India | 3.4 | n.a. |  
| Italy | n.a. | 14.9 |  
| Japan | 20.6 | 12.3 |  
| Netherlands | 13.0 | n.a. |  
| Pakistan | 5.3 | 7.6 |  
| Singapore | 5.5 | n.a. |  
| Spain | n.a. | 5.0 |  
| United States | 7.5 | 7.9 |  
| Imports |  
| Britain | 8.5 | 8.8 |  
| Canada | n.a. | 8.7 |  
| France | n.a. | 3.1 |  
| Germany | 9.13 | 7.8 |  
| Italy | 6.2 | n.a. |  
| Japan | 11.6 | 12.4 |  
| Saudi Arabia | 4.1 | n.a. |  
| South Korea | n.a. | 3.5 |  
| United States | 11.1 | 34.8 |   n.a.--not available.1 Figures based on partners' trade data to August 2, 1990, invasion.
 2 Figures based on partners' trade data.
 3 West Germany.
  Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,
Country Report: Kuwait[London], No. 1, 1992, 3; and Economist
Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Kuwait[London], No.
1, 1993, 3.  Table 11. Kuwait: Balance of Payments, 1987,
1988, and 1989 
(in millions of United States dollars)
|  | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 |  
| Merchandise exports, f.o.b.2 | 8,221 | 7,709 | 11,383 |  
| Merchandise imports, f.o.b. | - 4,945 | -6,064 | - 5,746 |  
| Trade balance | 3,276 | 1,645 | 5,637 |  
| Exports of services | 1,030 | 1,158 | 1,328 |  
| Imports of services | -4,073 | -4,204 | -4,228 |  
| Other income received | 5,867 | 7,626 | 8,840 |  
| Other income paid | -470 | -487 | -756 |  
| Private unrequited transfers (net) | - 1,102 | -1,179 | - 1,287 |  
| Official unrequited transfers (net) | - 158 | -140 | -211 |  
| Current account balance | 4,371 | 4,419 | 9,323 |  
| Direct investment (net) | -115 | -254 | -507 |  
| Portfolio investment (net) | 219 | -487 | -330 |  
| Other capital (net) | -4,913 | -6,028 | -6,859 |  
| Capital account balance | -4,809 | -6,769 | -7,696 |  
| Net errors and omissions | -1,409 | 355 | -372 |  
| Overall balance | -1,847 | -1,996 | 1,255 |   1 Figures may not compute to balances because of rounding.2 f.o.b.--free on board.
  Source: Based on information from The Middle East and North
Africa, 1993, London, 1992, 605.  Table 12. Kuwait: Government Budget, Fiscal
Years 1990 and 1991 
(in millions of Kuwaiti dinars)
|  | 1990 | 1991 |  
| Revenues |  
| Oil | 2,109 | 700 |  
| Non-oil | 296 | 170 |  
| Total revenues | 2,405 | 870 |  
| Expenditures |  
| Education | 491 | 456 |  
| Electricity and water | 486 | 245 |  
| Defense | 450 | 2,641 |  
| Social security | 410 | 816 |  
| Health | 245 | 187 |  
| Security and justice | 237 | 196 |  
| Public utilities | 233 | 217 |  
| Administrative services | 202 | 237 |  
| Land purchase | 150 | 100 |  
| Housing | 104 | 68 |  
| Communications | 90 | 54 |  
| Foreign obligations | 83 | 108 |  
| Information | 69 | 57 |  
| Financial services | 68 | 71 |  
| Fisheries | 64 | 45 |  
| Transportation | 24 | 17 |  
| Religious affairs | 21 | 15 |  
| Mining and exploration | 16 | 24 |  
| Trade and industry | 9 | 8 |  
| Unspecified | 182 | 525 |  
| Total expenditures | 3,634 | 6,087 |  
| Reserve Fund for Future Generations | 240 | 87 |  
| TOTAL | 1,469 | 5,304 |   * For value of the Kuwaiti dinar--see Glossary.   Source: Based on information from Middle East Economic Digest[London],
36, No. 3, January 17, 1992, 15.    |