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Peru Mission and Organization
The constitution of 1979 gave the FF.AA. responsibility
for
protecting the country and providing for its defense. The
president was commander in chief, and the heads of the EP,
navy,
and FAP were next in the chain of command. On April 1,
1987,
President García signed legislation that streamlined this
chain
of command by combining the ministries of war (army),
navy, and
air force into a single Ministry of Defense. Under the
ministry's
purview were each of the services and the Joint Command of
the
Armed Forces (Comando Conjunto de la Fuerza Armada--CCFA).
The
CCFA, dating from 1957, brought together the chiefs of
staff of
each service with a small group of assistants (colonels or
navy
captains) to advise the president on military matters. It
had a
planning rather than an operational function, reviewed
national
intelligence reports, and oversaw the CAEM. The CCFA head
rotated
each year among senior officers of the three services.
The National Defense System (Sistema de Defensa
Nacional--
SDN) of 1980 created a National Defense Council (Consejo
de
Defensa Nacional--CDN) of eight voting members--four
civilian,
including the president, and four military, including the
armed
forces commanders, to respond to specific issues related
to
national defense
(see
fig. 14). The CDN was also the body
charged
with responsibility for reviewing the plans to deal with
the
insurgency that would be implemented by the
Political-Military
Commands in provinces or departments declared to be in
states of
emergency. The National Defense Secretariat (Secretaría de
Defensa Nacional) served as the Ministry of Defense's
planning,
advisory, and doctrinal unit. Headed by a general or
admiral in
active or retired status, the secretariat relied on the
CAEM for
training and doctrinal support.
In July 1992, the Fujimori government approved the
restructuring of the National Intelligence Service
(Servicio de
Inteligencia Nacional--SIN) with a view to strengthening
national
security. Under the decree-law, one of the main tasks
entrusted
to SIN is to establish intelligence and
counterintelligence
objectives, strategies, and plans, as well as to manage
and
monitor their implementation. The decree-law expanded the
scope
of intelligence services to encompass politics, the armed
forces,
the economy, and "psychosociology." It also established
the
ministerial-level SIN as part of the SDN. Decree 746,
issued on
November 12, 1991, but repealed by Congress, would have
SIN
answerable to the president and given it supremacy over
the
police and armed forces, as well as overall responsibility
for
counterinsurgency. Those powers apparently were enacted
with the
June 1992 restructuring.
Data as of September 1992
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