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Vietnam Table A. Chronology of Important Events
Date
Events
2879 B.C.
Legendary founding of the Van Lang Kingdom by the first Hung
Vuong
2879-258 B.C.
Hung Dynasty
257-208 B.C.
Thuc Dynasty
207-111 B.C.
Trieu Dynasty
1800-1400 B.C.
Phung Nguyen culture (Early Bronze Age)
850-300 B.C.
Dong Son culture (Late Bronze Age)
210 B.C.
Kingdom of Au Lac established
207 B.C.
Chinese general Chao Tuo (Trieu Da) founds Nan Yueh (Nam
Viet)
111 B.C.
Nan Yueh conquered by Han
A.D. 39
Trung sisters lead a rebellion against Chinese rule 43 Trung
sisters' rebellion crushed by Chinese general Ma Yuan, and
Viet people placed under direct Chinese administration for
the first time
542-544
Ly Bi leads uprising against China's Liang Dynasty and
establishes the independent kingdom of Van Xuan
544-602
Early Ly Dynasty
938
Ngo Quyen defeats a Chinese invading force at the first
battle of the Bach Dang River
939-968
Ngo Dynasty
939-44
Ngo Quyen rules independent Nam Viet
968-980
Dinh Dynasty
970-975
Dinh Bo Linh gains Chinese recognition of Nam Viet's
independence by establishing a tributary relationship with
China's Song Dynasty
980-1009
Early Le Dynasty
981
Le Hoan defeats a Chinese invasion
982
Viet armies invade Champa and destroy its capital, Indrapura
1009-1225
Ly Dynasty
1075
Minor officials chosen by examination for the first time
1225-1400
Tran Dynasty
1257-58
Mongols attack Dai Viet and are defeated
1284-85
Second Mongol invasion and defeat. Resistance led by Tran
Hung Dao
1287
Third Mongol invasion repelled
1360-90
Champa wars. Champa ruled by Che Bong Nga
1400-140
Ho Dynasty
1407-27
Chinese invasion and occupation
1428
Le Loi's armies defeat the Chinese
1428-1527
Le Dynasty
1428
Le Loi proclaims himself emperor. The country once again
named Dai Viet.
1471
Champa capital of Vijaya falls, ending the Champa kingdom.
1483
Hong Duc legal code promulgated
1527-92
Mac Dynasty. Mac rulers control Thang Long and the Red River
Delta.
1558-1772
Period of opposition between the Trinh and Nguyen clans
1627
Alexandre de Rhodes, Jesuit missionary, arrives in Hanoi.
1771
Tay Son Rebellion
1778
Most of Nguyen clan annihilated by the Tay Son
1787
French missionary Pigneau de Behaine persuades French court
to assist in restoration of the Nguyen
1788
Last Le emperor flees to China. Nguyen Hue proclaims himself
emperor.
1789
Chinese invasion in support of the Le defeated.
1802
The Nguyen defeat last of Tay Son forces. Nguyen Anh accedes
to throne as Gia Long and establishes his capital at Hue.
1802-1945
Nguyen Dynasty
1820
Death of Gia Long. Succeeded by his highly sinicized son,
Minh Mang.
1847
French vessels bombard Da Nang.
September 1858
French forces seize Da Nang.
February 1859
French forces capture Saigon.
February 1861
The French defeat the Vietnamese army and gain control of
Gia Dinh and surrounding provinces.
June 5, 1862
Treaty of Saigon, which ceded three southern provinces--Bien
Hoa, Gia Dinh, and Dinh Tuong--to the French.
1863
Admiral la Grandiere imposes French protectorate on
Cambodia.
March 1874
A Franco-Vietnamese treaty confirms French sovereignty over
Cochinchina and opens the Red River to trade.
August 1883
Treaty of Protectorate, signed at the Harmond Convention,
establishes French protectorate over Annam and Tonkin.
June 1884
Treaty of Hue confirms the Harmond convention agreement.
1885
Can Vuong movement, calling upon the Vietnamese to drive out
the French, established.
1887
Indochinese Union formally established.
May 19, 1890
Ho Chi Minh's birth
1897-1902
Paul Doumer is Governor-General.
1904
Phan Boi Chau founds Viet Nam Duy Tan Hoi (Vietnam
Reformation Society).
October 1911
Ho Chi Minh departs Vietnam for Europe.
1912
Phan Boi Chau founds Viet Nam Quang Phuc Hoi (Vietnam
Restoration Society), replacing Duy Tan Hoi.
1919
Nguyen Ai Quoc (Ho Chi Minh) attempts to meet with President
Woodrow Wilson at the. Versailles Peace Conference to
present a program for Vietnamese rights and sovereignty, but
is turned away.
1920
Ho Chi Minh participates in founding of the French Communist
Party.
1923
Ho Chi Minh's first visit to Moscow
June-July 1924
Ho Chi Minh attends Fifth Comintern Congress.
1925
Viet Nam Thanh Nien Cach Menh Dong Chi Hoi (Revolutionary
Youth League) formed in Guangzhou under Ho Chi Minh's
leadership.
1926
Ho Chi Minh forms Thanh Nien Cong San Doan (Communist Youth
League) within the larger Thanh Nien organization.
1927
Nguyen Thai Hoc founds the Vietnam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD,
Vietnam Nationalist Party).
February 1930
Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP, Viet Nam Cong San Dang)
founded in Hong Kong (name changed to Indochinese Communist
Party, Dong Duong Cong San Dang, in October).
September 1939
World War II begins.
August 1940
Franco-Japanese treaty, recognizing Japan's pre-eminence in
Indochina in return for nominal recognition of French
sovereignty, signed.
February 1941
Ho Chi Minh returns to Vietnam.
May 1941
ICP Eighth Plenum at Pac Bo establishes the Viet Minh
(Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi, or League for the
Independence of Vietnam).
1942-43
Ho Chi Minh imprisoned in China.
1944-45
Famine in Tonkin and Annam causes between 1.5 and 2 million
deaths.
August 1945
Japan surrenders and the Viet Minh commences the August
Revolution, gaining effective control over much of Vietnam.
September 1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam's the
independence in Hanoi.
1946
Ho Chi Minh visits Paris during negotiations with France;
hostilities begin following violation of agreements.
1946-54
First Indochina War
(see Glossary--also known as Viet Minh War) 1951 Dang Lao Dong Viet
Nam (Vietnamese Workers Party--VWP) is founded, succeeding the
Indochinese Communist Party.
May 7, 1954
French surrender at Dien Bien Phu
May 8, 1954
Geneva Conference on Indochina opens.
July 21, 1954
Geneva Agreements adopted, Vietnam provisionally divided at
the 17th parallel, and Ngo Dinh Diem appointed South
Vietnam's premier by Emperor Bao Dai.
January 1, 1955
Direct United States aid to South Vietnam begins.
February 12, 1955
United States advisers begin training South Vietnamese army
troops.
October 26, 1955
Republic of Vietnam established with Diem its first
president.
December 20, 1960
The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF)
formed in the South under the direction of the Political
Bureau.
December 31, 1961
United States military personnel in Vietnam total about
3,200. February 8, 1962 United States Military Assistant
Command-Vietnam (MACV) formed under the command of General
Paul D. Harkins.
November 1-2, 1963
Ngo Dinh Diem overthrown and assassinated.
August 7, 1964
United States Congress passes the "Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution," authorizing the president of the United States
to use force in Vietnam to repel attacks on American
installations.
February 7, 1965
United States begins bombing military targets in North
Vietnam.
March 9, 1965
First United States ground combat troops land in Vietnam at
Da Nang.
December 31, 1965
United States military personnel in Vietnam total 180,000.
January 30-31, 1968
"Tet Offensive," employing coordinated attacks on the
South's major cities by North Vietnamese and National
Liberation Front troops, fails to achieve its military
objectives but erodes American support for the war.
January 25, 1969
Four-party peace talks open in Paris.
May 14, 1969
United States troop strength in Vietnam peaks at 543,000.
June 10, 1969
Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG)
formed.
September 3, 1969
Ho Chi Minh's death
April 28, 1970
Joint United States-Army of the Republic of Vietnam force
attacks Vietnamese communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.
March 24, 1971
Operation Lam Son 719, a South Vietnamese attack on the Ho
Chi Minh Trail in Laos, ends in defeat.
March 30, 1972
People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) troops launch the largest
offensive of the war since 1968.
January 27, 1973
Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam
signed in Paris.
March 29, 1973
Last United States troops in Vietnam depart.
March 9, 1975
PAVN offensive in the South begins.
April 30, 1975
Saigon surrenders.
July 2, 1976
The National Assembly proclaims official unification of
Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
December 14-20, 1976
Fourth National Party Congress. The Vietnamese Workers Party
renamed the Vietnam Communist Party.
September 20, 1977
Vietnam admitted to United Nations.
June 29, 1978
Vietnam admitted to membership in the Council for Mutual
Economic Assistance (Comecon).
July 3, 1978
China announces termination of all economic assistance to
Vietnam.
November 3, 1978
Vietnam and the Soviet Union sign a 25-year Treaty of
Friendship and Cooperation."
December 21, 1978
PAVN forces initiate invasion of Cambodia.
January 7, 1979
The Cambodian government of Pol Pot overthrown when Phnom
Penh, the capital of Cambodia, falls to Vietnamese forces.
February 17, 1979
China launches invasion of Vietnam.
March 5, 1979
Chinese forces withdrawn from Vietnam
March 1982
Fifth National Party Congress
December 1986
Sixth National Party Congress
Data as of December 1987
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