DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Rubus idaeus | Red Raspberry 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Red raspberry occurs throughout most of the temperate regions of the
world [20].  In North America it grows from Alaska through Canada to
Newfoundland, southward to North Carolina and Tennessee in the East, and
to Arizona, California, and northern Mexico in the West [36,93,98].  The
native North American red raspberry is Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus [36].
R. i. ssp. idaeus grows across northern Europe to northwestern Asia
[36].  It is cultivated in Hawaii [109] and throughout much of North
America and has naturalized in many locations [36].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES44  Alpine


STATES : 
     AK  AL  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  GA  HI
     ID  IL  IN  IA  KY  ME  MD  MA  MI  MN
     MO  MT  NV  NH  NJ  NM  NY  NC  ND  OH
     OR  PA  RI  SC  SD  TN  UT  VA  WA  WV
     WI  WY  AB  BC  MB  NB  NF  ON  PQ  SK
     MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  BLCA  BRCA  CACO  CEBR  CRMO
     DEWA  GLAC  GRTE  GRSA  ISRO  LACL
     MORU  NOCA  ROMO  THRO  WICA  YELL


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    5  Columbia Plateau
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K037  Mountain mahogany - oak scrub
   K052  Alpine meadows and barren
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
   K067  Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
   K074  Bluestem prairie
   K081  Oak savanna
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K098  Northern floodplain forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest 


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    21  Eastern white pine
    22  White pine - hemlock
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white cedar
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    42  Bur oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   109  Hawthorn
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   204  Black spruce 
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   224  Western hemlock
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   236  Bur oak
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce - paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Red raspberry is well represented in many plant communities throughout
North America.  It grows within the understory of many quaking aspen
(Populus tremuloides), mixed conifer, cottonwood (Populus spp.), cedar
(Thuga spp.)-hemlock (Tsuga spp.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa),
spruce (Picea spp.)-fir (Abies spp.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii) forests of the West [6,23,37].  In the Lake States and
Northeast, red raspberry frequently grows in oldfield communities, or in
association with jack pine (Pinus banksiana), white spruce (Picea
glauca), black spruce (P. mariana), red spruce (P. rubens), Atlantic
white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), aspen
(Populus spp.), beech (Fagus spp.), maple (Acer spp.), red pine (Pinus
resinosa), and eastern white pine (P. strobus) [1,3,29,30,34,41,40,77].
It is a common component of northern hardwood forests and often assumes
dominance on sites which have been subject to windthrow, fire, or timber
harvest [100].  Red raspberry is a prominent component of many taiga
communities in Alaska [25] and the Canadian North.

Associated species:  Red raspberry grows with a wide variety of plants
across its extensive geographic range.  The following species are
particularly common plant associates [1,40,12,13,95]:  Canada beadruby
(Maianthemum canadense), thimbleberry, bunchberry (Cornus canadensis),
huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.), fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium),
bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), kinnikinnick
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), Virginia strawberry (Fragaria virginiana),
green alder (Alnus virida ssp. crispa), twinflower (Linnaea borealis),
sedges (Carex spp.), prickly rose (Rosa acicularis), twinberry (Lonicera
spp.), lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), bog Labrador tea
(Ledum groenlandica), red currant (Ribes triste), highbush cranberry
(Viburnum edule), and red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea).

Red raspberry occurs as a dominant in a number of plant communities.  It
has been included as a codominant in rocky, high elevation alpine scree
communities with Colorado columbine (Aquilegia coerulea) and
littleflower alumroot (Heuchera parvifolia).  Red raspberry has been
listed as an indicator or dominant member of a plant community in the
following publications:

Plant associations of Region Two: Potential plant communities of
  Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas [51]
Habitat types on selected parts of the Gunnison and Uncompahgre National
  Forests [56]

Related categories for Species: Rubus idaeus | Red Raspberry