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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Rubus idaeus | Red Raspberry
REFERENCES : 1. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1959. Some effects of fire on forest reproduction in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Forestry. 57: 194-200. [208] 2. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1966. Small mammals and reforestation following prescribed burning. Journal of Forestry. 64: 614-618. [206] 3. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1976. Regeneration of red pine and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Forestry. 74: 135-140. [7242] 4. Ahlgren, I. F.; Ahlgren, C. E. 1960. Ecological effects of forest fires. Botanical Review. 26: 458-533. [205] 5. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 6. Bock, Jane H.; Bock, Carl E. 1984. Effects of fires on woody vegetation in the pine-grassland ecotone of the southern Black Hills. American Midland Naturalist. 112(1): 35-42. [477] 7. Bock, Jane H.; Bock, Carl E. [n.d.]. Some effects of fire on vegetation and wildlife in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Black Hills. Final Report. Contracts CX-1200-9-B034, CX-1200-0-B018, CX-1200-1-B022; Grant No. RM-80-105 GR. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Lab, Missoula, MT. 58 p. [479] 8. Bonanno, A. Richard x. 1987. Raspberry and blackberry weed management in Michigan. In: 117th annual report, Michigan State Horticulture Society: 177-182. [7059] 9. Bovey, Rodney W. 1977. Response of selected woody plants in the United States to herbicides. Agric. Handb. 493. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 101 p. [8899] 10. Brinkman, Kenneth A. 1974. Rubus L. blackberry, raspberry. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., ed. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agriculture Handbook No. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 738-743. [7743] 11. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1976. Burning for black spruce regeneration on a lowland cutover site in southeastern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 6(2): 179-186. [7280] 12. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1978. Slash and duff reduction by burning on clear-cut jack pine sites in central Saskatchewan. Information Report NOR-X-200. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Service, Fisheries and Environment Canada, Northern Forest Research Centre. 12 p. [7288] 13. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1978. Large-scale operational burns for slash disposal and conifer reproduction in central Saskatchewan. Information Report NOR-X-201. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Service, Fisheries and Environment Canada, Northern Forest Research Centre. 11p. [7289] 14. Core, Earl L. 1974. Brambles. In: Gill, John D.; Healy, William M., compilers. Shrubs and vines for Northeastern wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-9. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 16-19. [8923] 15. Corns, Ian G. W. 1989. Ecosystems with potential for aspen management. Managing for aspen--a shared responsibility: Proceedings of the Joint TechnicalSession of the Forest Ecology, Silviculture and Tree Improvement Forest Management, and Forest Economics and Policy Working Groups; September 1988; Prince Albert, SK. In: The Forestry Chronicle. February: 16-22. [6919] 16. Crandall, P. C.; Allmendinger, D. F.; Biderbost, K. A. 1974. Influence of cane number and diameter, irrigation, and carbohydrate reserves on the fruit number of red raspberries. Journal of the American Horticultural Society. 99(6): 524-526. [6652] 17. Crane, M. B. 1940. Reproductive versatility in Rubus. I. Morphology and inheritance. Journal of Genetics. 40: 109-118. [8443] 18. Crane, Marilyn F. 1982. Fire ecology of Rocky Mountain Region forest habitat types. Final Report Contract No. 43-83X9-1-884. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1. 272 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [5292] 19. Dale, A. 1979. Varietal differences in the relationships between some characteristics of red raspberry fruiting laterals and their position on the cane. Journal of the Horticultural Society. 54(4): 257-265. [6983] 20. Dale, Adam; Daubeny, Hugh A. 1985. Genotype-environmental interactions involving British and Pacific Northwest red raspberry cultivars. HortScience. 20(1): 68-69. [6834] 21. Dale, Adam; Daubeny, Hugh A. 1987. Flower-bud initiation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in two environments. Crop Research. 27: 61-66. [6980] 22. Dale, A.; Topham, Pauline B. 1980. Fruiting structure of the red raspberry: multivariate analysis of lateral characteristics. Journal of the Horticultural Society. 55(4): 397-408. [6982] 23. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806] 24. Doran, William L. 1957. Propagation of woody plants by cuttings. Experiment Station Bul. No. 491. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, College of Agriculture. 99 p. [6399] 25. Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Van Cleve, K. 1986. Fire in taiga communities of interior Alaska. In: Forest ecosystems in the Alaskan taiga. New York: Springer-Verlag: 74-86. [3881] 26. Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Foote, M. J.; Zasada, J. C. 1988. The effect on vegetation and soil temperature of logging flood-plain white spruce. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-392. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 45 p. [7471] 27. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 28. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Wein, Ross W. 1977. Depth of underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55: 2550-2554. [6362] 29. Foote, M. Joan. 1983. Classification, description, and dynamics of plant communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska. Res. Pap. PNW-307. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 108 p. [7080] 30. Fox, Thomas R. 1986. Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) competition effects on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) seedlings in northern Maine. Tree Planter's Notes. 37(2): 20-23. [6825] 31. Fyles, James W. 1989. Seed bank populations in upland coniferous forests in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67: 274-278. [6388] 32. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 33. Goode, J. E. 1970. Nitrogen nutrition and susceptibility of Malling Jewel raspberries to infection by spur blight (Didymella applanata). Plant Pathology. 19: 108-110. [6591] 34. Graber, Raymond E.; Thompson, Donald F. 1978. Seeds in the organic layers and soil of four beech-birch-maple stands. Res. Pap. NE-401. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 8 p. [5983] 35. Granstrom, Anders. 1982. Seed banks in five boreal forest stands originating between 1810 and 1963. Canadian Journal of Botany. 60: 1815-1821. [5940] 36. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603] 37. Haeussler, S.; Pojar, J.; Geisler, B. M.; [and others]. 1985. A guide to the interior cedar-hemlock zone, northwestern transitional subzone (ICHg), in the Prince Rupert Forest Region, British Columbia. Land Management Report Number 26; ISSN 0702-9861. Victoria, BC: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests. 263 p. [6930] 38. Hamilton, Evelyn H. 1988. Impacts of prescribed burning on soil-vegetation relationships in the sub-boreal spruce zone. In: Feller, M. C.; Thomson, S. M., eds. Wildlife and range prescribed burning workshop proceedings; 1987 October 27-28; Richmond, BC. Vancouver, BC: The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry: 171-184. [3110] 39. Bare, B. Bruce. 1982. The economics of true fir management. In: Oliver, Chadwick Dearing; Kenady, Reid M., eds. Proceedings of the biology and management of true fir in the Pacific Northwest symposium; 1981 February 24-26; Seattle-Tacoma. Contribution No. 45. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, College of Forest Resources: 9-14. [6760] 40. Hansen, Richard W.; Osgood, Eben A. 1983. Insects visiting flowers of wild red raspberry in spruce-fir forested areas of eastern Maine. Entomological News. 94(4): 147-151. [7001] 41. Hansen, H. L.; Krefting, L. W.; Kurmis, V. 1973. The forest of Isle Royale in relation to fire history and wildlife. Tech. Bull. 294; Forestry Series 13. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station. 44 p. [8120] 42. Hansen, Paul L.; Hoffman, George R.; Steinauer, Gerry A. 1984. Upland forest and woodland habitat types of the Missouri Plateau, Great Plains Province. In: Noble, Daniel L.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Wooded draws: characteristics and values for the Northern Great Plains: Symposium proceedings; 1984 June 12-13; Rapid City, SD. Great Plains Agricultural Council Publ. No. 111. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Biology Department: 15-26. [1078] 43. Heit, C. E. 1967. Propagation from seed. Part 7: Germinating six hardseeded groups. American Nurseryman. 125(12): 10-12; 37-41; 44-45. [1120] 44. Hogdon, A. R.; Steele, Frederic. 1966. Rubus subgenus Eubatus in New England: a conspectus. Rhodora. 68: 474-513. [6213] 45. Hudson, J. P. 1959. Effects of environment on Rubus idaeus L. I. Morphology and development of the raspberry plant. Journal of Horticultural Science. 34: 163-169. [6607] 46. Hughes, Megan; Chaplin, M. H.; Dixon, A. R. 1979. Elemental composition of red raspberry leaves as a function of time of season and position on cane. HortScience. 14(1): 46-47. [6833] 47. Hughes, Jeffrey W.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Bormann, F. Herbert. 1988. Population persistence and reproductive ecology of a forest herb: Aster acuminatus. American Journal of Botany. 75(7): 1057-1064. [8972] 48. Jennings, D. L.; Cormack, M. R. 1969. Factors affecting the water content and dormancy of overwintering raspberry canes. Horticultural Research. 9: 18-25. [6655] 49. Jennings, D. L.; Ingram, Ruth. 1983. Hybrids of Rubus parviflorus (Nutt.) with raspberry and blackberry, and the inheritance of spinelessness derived from this species. Crop Research. 23(2): 95-101. [7029] 50. Jennings, D. L.; Tulloch, M. M. 1964. Studies on factors which promote germination of raspberry seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany. 16(47): 329-340. [6535] 51. Johnston, Barry C. 1987. Plant associations of Region Two: Potential plant communities of Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas. 4th ed. R2-ECOL-87-2. Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. 429 p. [3519] 52. Johnston, Mark; Woodard, Paul. 1985. The effect of fire severity level on postfire recovery of hazel and raspberry in east-central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 63: 672-677. [6277] 53. Kartesz, John T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume II--thesaurus. 2nd ed. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 816 p. [23878] 54. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock, Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1085 p. [6563] 55. Keep, Elizabeth. 1968. Incompatibility in Rubus with special reference to R. idaeus L. Canadian Journal of Genetic Cytology. 10: 253-262. [6654] 56. Komarkova, Vera. 1986. Habitat types on selected parts of the Gunnison and Uncompahgre National Forests. Final Report Contract No. 28-K2-234. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 270 p. [1369] 57. Kooiman, Marianne; Linhart, Yan B. 1986. Structure and change in herbaceous communities of four ecosystems in the Front Range, Colorado, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 18(1): 97-110. [4076] 58. Kramp, Betty A.; Patton, David R.; Brady, Ward W. 1983. The effects of fire on wildlife habitat and species. RUN WILD: Wildlife/ habitat relationships. Albuerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Wildlife Unit Technical Report. 29 p. [152] 59. Krefting, Laurits W.; Roe, Eugene I. 1949. The role of some birds and mammals in seed germination. Ecological Monographs. 19(3): 269-286. [8847] 60. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 61. Larsen, J. A. 1929. Fires and forest succession in the Bitterroot Mountains of northern Idaho. Ecology. 10: 67-76. [6990] 62. Lautenschlager, R. A. 1987. Interactions among red rapsberries and northern forest trees. Proceedings of the Annual Meetings Northeastern Weed Science Soc. 41: 186-187. [7007] 63. Lawrence, F. J. 1980. The current status of red raspberry cultivars in the United States and Canada. Fruit Varieties Journal. 34(4): 84-89. [6984] 64. Lawson, H. M.; Waister, P. D. 1972. The effects of soil cultivation techniques on the growth and yield of the raspberry crop. Weed Research. 12: 96-106. [6604] 65. Lawson, H. M.; Waister, P. D. 1972. The response to nitrogen of a raspberry plantation under contrasting systems of management for weed and sucker control. Horticultural Research. 12: 43-55. [6653] 66. Lepofsky, Dana; Turner, Nancy J.; Kuhnlein, Harriet V. 1985. Determining the availability of traditional wild plant foods: an example of Nuxalk foods, Bella Coola, British Columbia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 16: 223-241. [7002] 67. Lockshin, L. S.; Elfving, D. C. 1981. Flowering response of 'Heritage' red raspberry to temperature and nitrogen. HortScience. 16(4): 527-528. [6824] 68. Longley, Albert E. 1924. Cytological studies in the genus Rubus. American Journal of Botany. 11: 249-282. [6249] 69. Luby, J. J.; Hoover, E. E.; Bedford, D. S.; Munson, S. T.; Gray, W. H.; Wildung, D. K.; Stushnoff, C. 1987. 'Redwing' raspberry. HortScience. 22(4): 681-682. [2957] 70. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No. 14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496] 71. Mackenzie, K. A. D. 1979. The structure of the fruit of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in relation to abscission. Annals of Botany. 43(3): 355-362. [6822] 72. MacKerron, D. K. L. 1982. Growth and water use in the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) I. Growth and yield under differenct levels of soil moisture stress. Journal of Horticultural Science. 57(3): 295-306. [6979] 73. Marks, P. L. 1974. The role of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the maintenance of stability in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecological Monographs. 44: 73-88. [4144] 74. McRae, D. J. 1979. Prescribed burning in jack pine logging slash: a review. Report 0-X-289. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre. 57 p. [7290] 75. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155] 76. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 55 p. [9271] 77. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Cushwa, Charles T.; Lake, Roger E.; [and others]. 1973. Wilderness ecology: the upland plant communities, woody browse production, and small mammals of two adj. 33-year-old wildfire areas in northeastern Minnesota. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-7. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 30 p. [6862] 78. Parminter, John. 1983. Fire history and fire ecology in the Prince Rupert Forest region. In: Trowbridge, R. L.; Macadam, A., eds. Prescribed fire--forest soils: Symposium proceedings; 1982 March 2-3; Smithers, BC. Land Management Report Number 16. Victoria, BC: Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests: 1-35. [8849] 79. Peek, J. M. 1974. A review of moose food habits studies in North America. Le Naturaliste Canadien. 101: 195-215. [7420] 80. Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. 1183 p. [7606] 81. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 82. Roy, D. N.; Konar, S. K.; Banerjee, S.; [and others]. 1989. Uptake and persistence of the herbicide glyphosate (Vison) in fruit of wild blueberry and red raspberry. Canadian Journal of Forestry. 19: 842-847. [8907] 83. Sanford, J. C.; Ourecky, D. K.; Reich, J. E. 1985. 'Titan' red raspberry. HortScience. 20(6): 1133-1134. [6832] 84. Seymour, Frank Conkling. 1982. The flora of New England. 2d ed. Phytologia Memoirs 5. Plainfield, NJ: Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke. 611 p. [7604] 85. Siccama, T. G. 1974. Vegetation, soil, and climate on the Green Mountains of Vermont. Ecological Monographs. 44: 325-249. [6859] 86. Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the North Central Plains. Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas. 530 p. [3804] 87. Stickney, Peter F. 1986. First decade plant succession following the Sundance Forest Fire, northern Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-197. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 26 p. [2255] 88. Stiles, Edmund W. 1980. Patterns of fruit presentation and seed dispersal in bird-disseminated woody plants in the Eastern deciduous forest. American Naturalist. 116(5): 670-688. [6508] 89. Torre, Louis C.; Barritt, Bruce H. 1979. Red raspberry establishment from root cuttings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 104(1): 28-31. [7028] 90. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Plants of the U.S.--alphabetical listing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 954 p. [23104] 91. Van Dersal, William R. 1938. Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 362 p. [4240] 92. Vasilakakis, Miltiadis D.; Struckmeyer, B. Ester; Dana, Malcolm N. 1979. Temperature and development of red raspberry flower buds. Journal of the American Horticultural Society. 104(1): 61-62. [6976] 93. Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p. [6884] 94. Viereck, Leslie A.; Schandelmeier, Linda A. 1980. Effects of fire in Alaska and adjacent Canada--a literature review. BLM-Alaska Tech. Rep. 6. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Mangement, Alaska State Office. 124 p. [7075] 95. Watson, L. E.; Parker, R. W.; Polster, D. F. 1980. Manual of plant species suitablity for reclamation in Alberta. Vol. 2. Forbs, shrubs and trees. Edmonton, AB: Land Conservation and Reclamation Council. 537 p. [8855] 96. Weber, M. G. 1987. Decomposition, litter fall, and forest floor nutrient dynamics in relation to fire in eastern Ontario jack pine ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1496-1506. [7240] 97. Welander, Margareta. 1985. In vitro culture of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) for mass propagation. Journal of Horticultural Science. 60(4): 493-499. [6981] 98. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944] 99. Whitney, Gordon G. 1982. The productivity and carbohydrate economy of a developing stand of Rubus idaeus. Canadian Journal of Botany. 60: 2697-2703. [6534] 100. Whitney, Gordon G. 1986. A demographic analysis of Rubus idaeus and Rubus pubescens. 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