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Albania
Paramilitary Training
The experience of the resistance to the Italian and German occupations
during World War II, in which men, women, and children participated,
provided the inspiration for an extensive program of paramilitary
training for virtually all segments of the Albanian population.
The program, which began at the end of the war, focused on young
people after the early 1950s. Paramilitary training developed
to the point that many fifteento nineteen-year-old youths could
be organized to fight as partisan forces or to operate as auxiliary
units during a national emergency. Its main purpose was, however,
to provide the armed forces with conscripts who were in good physical
condition and had sufficient basic military training and knowledge
to enter a military unit and perform satisfactorily with a minimum
of adjustment. The academic year for secondary school and university
students included one month and two months of full-time paramilitary
training, respectively. Paramilitary training did not exclude
older Albanians, however. Until age fifty, men were obligated
to spend twelve days per year in paramilitary training. Women
participated for seven days per year until age forty.
Paramilitary training included extensive physical conditioning,
close-order drill, hand-to-hand combat, small arms handling, demolition,
and tactical exercises applicable to guerrilla operations. It
was conducted in secondary schools by military officers assigned
to them and also at military units to which the schools were attached
for training purposes. Paramilitary programs of the communist
youth organizations were similar to those conducted in the secondary
schools. Albanian youths carrying rifles and machine guns marched
in May Day parades. As many as 200,000 young people participated
in paramilitary training each year.
Data as of April 1992
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