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Albania
The Revival of Religion
In the 1980s, officials
grudgingly began to concede that the campaign against religion
had not been entirely successful, and indeed probably was counterproductive.
A sociological study revealed that over 95 percent of the country's
young people were choosing spouses of the same religious background,
whereas, prior to the antireligious onslaught, marriages between
Muslims and Christians were not uncommon. Albania's government
also became more sensitive to the barrage of criticism from the
international community. Hoxha's successor, Ramiz Alia, adopted
a relatively tolerant stance toward religious practice, referring
to it as "a personal and family matter." Émigré clergymen were
permitted to reenter the country in 1988 and officiate at religious
services. Mother Teresa, an ethnic Albanian, visited Tiranë in
1989, where she was received by the foreign minister and by Hoxha's
widow. In December 1990, the ban on religious observance was officially
lifted, in time to allow thousands of Christians to attend Christmas
services.
Religious leaders estimated that 95 percent of all mosques and
churches had been razed or gutted during the years of communist
rule. A few had been spared and designated as "cultural monuments."
Others, such as the Roman Catholic cathedral in Shkodër, were
converted to sports arenas. The status of the clergy was equally
appalling; the number of Roman Catholic priests, for example,
had declined from 300 in 1944, when the communists took to power,
to thirty by early 1992. In 1992 plans were under way to restore
the houses of worship, seminaries were being reopened, and several
Islamic countries had sent teachers to provide religious instruction
to young Albanian Muslims who knew virtually nothing about their
religion. "Hoxha destroyed the human soul," an official of Albania's
new noncommunist government observed, adding, "This will take
generations to restore."
Data as of April 1992
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