Cyprus Health and Welfare
Dr. Burham Nalbantoglu General Hospital in Nicosia
Courtesy Office of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,"
Washington
In the late 1980s, the Turkish Cypriot health care
system
consisted of two general hospitals, two district
hospitals, one
psychiatric hospital, all of which were operated by the
state, and
four private specialized hospitals. There were also ten
public
health centers that treated less serious medical problems.
Between
1963 and 1989, the number of doctors serving in the public
sector
increased from 76 to 116. This increase was seen in the
numbers of
both general practitioners and specialists. During the
same period,
the number of nurses increased from 225 to 315, and the
number of
public hospital beds rose from 497 to 833. The number of
hospital
beds in private hospitals was 193 in 1989. With these
improvements,
the ratio of persons per physician declined from 1,908 in
1963 to
685 in 1989. Likewise, the number of hospital beds per
1,000
individuals was 661 in the same year. There were also
increases in
the number of dentists. In 1989, there were 18 dentists in
state
hospitals and 82 in private practice.
Health care services were administered by two
directorates
under the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, the
Directorate of
Medicine and Health and the State Laboratories
Directorate, as well
as by the Social Assistance Services Office.
Health care was socialized in the "TRNC," although
there
remained a substantial private component. The main
objective of the
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare was to guarantee
basic health
care services for all citizens. In addition, the ministry
assumed
the responsibility of facilitating the satisfactory social
use of
these services. Such socialized health care required much
capital--
in short supply in the "TRNC." As a result of financial
problems,
the state faced great difficulties in providing major
health care
services quickly. In addition, the state sought to send
patients to
medical centers abroad when medical care for major health
problems
was not available domestically, mostly to Turkey and
Britain. All
expenses including transportation were paid by the
government.
The regional welfare offices in larger population
centers
operated under the Directorate of Social Welfare. The main
duties
of the directorate were child and family welfare,
rehabilitation of
juvenile delinquents, care of senior citizens, general
community
services, and services for the families of the victims of
intercommunal strife and the disabled. There were housing
centers
in the three main towns for rural and/or poor children
attending
schools there.
In addition to the above, the government provided
generous
welfare and retirement benefits. The foundations for this
system
were laid by the British colonial administration. At the
beginning
of the 1990s, Turkish Cypriot social welfare policies
compared
favorably with those of advanced West European countries.
The Social Insurance Fund covered 75,000 citizens in
1989. In
addition to paying for health care costs, it provided
retirement
benefits and financial aid to the needy, and assisted
those
disabled and survivors of those killed during
intercommunal
conflict. In October 1989, about 9,000 persons received
monthly
payments from the fund.
* * *
Statistical reports of the Republic of Cyprus are the
most
current source of information about Greek Cypriot society.
Publications of the Social Research Center in Nicosia also
cover a
range of social topics. The Cyprus Review, also
published in
Nicosia, frequently contains articles dealing with recent
social
developments in Cyprus. There are a number of excellent
books about
Greek Cypriot society, but they only treat developments of
the
1960s and 1970s. The Greek Gift and The Heart
Grown
Bitter, both by Peter Loizos, contain detailed
treatments of
the lives of the inhabitants of a village before and after
the
events of 1974. Kyriacos C. Markides and others deal with
a larger
village in Lysi: Social Change in a Cypriot
Village, and
Michael A. Attalides examines the capital in Social
Change and
Urbanization in Cyprus.
Readers wishing to learn more of Turkish Cypriot
society will
find their choice of sources restricted to a few books and
publications. The North Cyprus Almanack published
in London
by K. Rüstem and Brother covers many social topics. Vamik
Volkan
has written numerous articles and books that treat,
sometimes only
in passing, the psychology and way of life of Turkish
Cypriots.
The Cyprus Review is also informative about Turkish
Cypriot
society. The journal attempts to bridge the gap between
the
island's two communities and contains scholarly articles
that deal
with a great variety of subjects. Statistics published by
the
"TRNC" State Planning Organisation can help a researcher
learn much
about the structure of Turkish Cypriot society. Finally,
Lawrence
Durrel's Bitter Lemons, written in the 1950s,
provides
glimpses of Cypriots of both communities before
independence. (For
further information and complete citations,
see
Bibliography.)
Data as of January 1991
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