Oman Transportation
View of multiple highway system seen near Al Khuwayr,
linking the sultanate's major cities
Courtesy Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman, Washington
The Omani transportation system, as with virtually all
the
sultanate's physical infrastructure, was a post-1970
development.
It includes an expanding highway network, two modern
deepwater
ports, an oil port at Mina al Fahl, and two international
airports facilitating international, intraregional, and
domestic
service. By 1992 there were 6,000 kilometers of paved
roads and
20,000 kilometers of gravel or earthen roads, in a
contrast to
1970, when there was one ten-kilometer paved highway and
limited
coastal and air traffic.
The sultanate's modern transportation system links all
significant populated places within Oman and gives easy
access to
many international destinations. A four-lane highway runs
west
from Muscat along the Gulf of Oman to Dubayy in the UAE. A
second
major paved highway in the interior connects locations
from just
east of Al Ayn in the UAE to Salalah on Oman's south
coast. Good
land connections link Oman only with the UAE, however. No
roads
extend across the Saudi or Yemeni borders. The sultanate's
principal airport, As Sib International Airport, has
regularly
scheduled flights to numerous cities worldwide and also to
five
domestic destinations. Muscat's natural harbor has long
been a
haven for ships, and its port facilities are among the
best in
the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula.
Transportation planning and administration, with the
exception of the Muscat metropolitan area highways, are
administered by the Ministry of Communications through the
northern and southern directorates general of roads. The
Development Council is responsible for recommending and
monitoring overall sectoral objectives and priorities and
reports
directly to the Council of Ministers. Laying pipelines and
certain roads and port facilities related to oil
production are
under the direction of PDO.
With the major infrastructure in place by the
mid-1980s,
there was a shift from construction to maintenance and
improvement of the existing network. Until 1984 ministry
budgets
reflected a marginal outlay for maintenance as a result of
the
relatively new paved road system. However, starting in
1984,
maintenance of paved roads became important, and a program
of
bituminous surface treatment and regraveling was begun.
The
emphasis in the early 1990s has been on maintaining and
upgrading
the present highway infrastructure, but the government
continues
to allocate substantial resources to the development plan
for the
Muscat metropolitan area, where severe urban traffic
problems are
being addressed by the construction of interchanges and
expansion
of some highways to two-lane systems.
Further expansion of the existing transportation system
includes enlarging both As Sib International Airport and
the
port, Mina Qabus, near Muscat. Mina Qabus is expected to
be
inadequate to accommodate the projected increase in cargo
traffic
by the year 2000. An expansion project is designed to
increase
port capacity from 1.6 million tons to 2.6 million tons.
The
project involves converting two berths to container
berths,
building a new berth for the Royal Yacht Squadron,
creating a
storage area, and building a sea wall. The expansion is
partially
funded by the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development.
The
possibility of a port at Suhar, to be used as a
transshipment
site for destinations farther up the gulf, is under
consideration.
Data as of January 1993
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