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Vietnam The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1986-90)
The central economic objectives of the Fourth Five-Year Plan
were to increase production of food, consumer goods, and export
goods. Increasing food production was of primary importance.
Grain production was targeted to reach 22 to 23 million tons
annually by 1990, and rice production was planned to total 19 to
20 million tons annually. Combined output for subsidiary crops
was established at about 3 million tons annually. Planned annual
per capita food production was set at 333 to 348 kilograms, and
an effort was initiated to bring subsidiary food crops (corn,
sweet potatoes, manioc, and white potatoes) into the people's
diet.
Grain-production policy was accompanied by measures dealing
with land use, water conservation, Mekong Delta irrigation works,
Red River Delta dike consolidation, fertilizer imports, pest
control, animal husbandry, tractor use, and seed production. The
plan also stressed the cultivation and harvesting of marine
products and the development of short-term industrial crops
(crops that can be planted and harvested in a single growing
season and that require some form of processing before being
marketed, such as beans, peanuts, and oil-bearing crops) and
long-term industrial crops (crops that also include a processing
stage but that require a lengthy period of cultivation, such as
coffee, tea, pepper, and coconuts). The government also
identified forestry as an important sector of the economy to be
developed.
Production of consumer goods was improved in order to meet
the basic needs of the people, to balance goods and money, to
create jobs, and to develop an important source of capital
accumulation and export commodities. The volume of consumer goods
produced was expected to increase by an average annual rate of 13
to 15 percent, compared with the 11.3 percent average annual
increase recorded during the Third Five-Year Plan.
Adequate incentive policies for raw materials production were
deemed critical to the development of high-quality consumer goods
for internal consumption and export. Priority in using foreign
exchange was to be given to importers of needed raw materials.
The plan also sought to protect domestic production of consumer
goods and to emphasize local production of goods over imports.
In order to obtain the foreign exchange needed to fulfill
import requirements and to carry out trade agreements with other
countries, the government scheduled a major increase--70 percent
above the previous plan's target--in the volume of exports. Under
the Fourth Five-Year Plan, particular emphasis was to be given
principal products such as processed agricultural goods, light
industry, handicraft goods, and fish products
(see table 5 and
table 6, Appendix A).
Data as of December 1987
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