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Indonesia SOCIETY
Population: 195,683,531 in July 1992, with 1.7
percent
annual growth rate. Sixty-nine percent in rural areas;
high
population density--major islands more than 500 persons
per square
kilometer; 100 persons or fewer per square kilometer in
most
densely populated
Outer Islands (see Glossary).
Jakarta largest
city with 11.5 million in 1990. Government
Transmigration
Program (see Glossary) fosters relocation from densely populated
to less-populated islands.
Ethnic Groups: Javanese 45 percent, Sundanese 14
percent,
Madurese 7.5 percent, coastal Malays 7.5 percent, others
26
percent.
Language: Official language
Bahasa Indonesia (see Glossary);
668 other languages also spoken. Languages with 1 million or
more speakers (in estimated numerical order):
Javanese,
Sundanese, Malay, Madurese, Minangkabau, Balinese,
Bugisnese,
Acehnese, Toba Batak, Makassarese, Banjarese, Sasak,
Lampung, Dairi
Batak, and Rejang.
Religion: Most (87 percent) observe Islam; 6
percent
Protestant, 3 percent Roman Catholic, 2 percent Hindu, 1
percent
Buddhist, 1 percent other.
Education: Twelve-year education system
(primary--grades
one through six; junior high school--grades seven through
nine; and
senior high school--grades ten through twelve). Mandatory
primary
level, optional secondary education. System supervised by
Department of Education and Culture (nonreligious, public
schools--
about 85 percent of total enrollment) and Department of
Religious
Affairs (religious, private, and semiprivate
schools--about 15
percent of total enrollment). Adult literacy rate 77
percent in
1991. Emphasis on the
Pancasila (see Glossary) in public
schools;
most religious schools emphasize traditional Islamic
values. Some
900 institutions of higher education; University of
Indonesia in
Jakrata founded by Dutch in 1930s; Gadjah Mada University
in
Yogyakarta founded by Indonesians in 1946.
Health: In 1990 life expectancy 62.0 years for
women and
58.4 for men; infant mortality rate 71 per 1,000 live
births;
annual population growth rate 2.0 percent. Three-tier
community
health centers in late 1980s; 0.06 hospital beds per 1,000
population lowest rate among Association of Southeast
Asian Nations
(ASEAN--see Glossary)
members. Traditional and modern health practices employed.
Data as of November 1992
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