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MongoliaPlanning
Planning in communist-run Mongolia had an inauspicious start
with the Five-Year Plan for 1931-35, which set unrealistically
high targets for production and called for the collectivization
of agricultural production. This plan was abandoned in 1932 in
the face of widespread resistance to collectivization and the
failure to meet production goals. Annual planning was introduced
in 1941 in an effort to deal with wartime shortages. Five-year
plans were reintroduced in 1948 with the First Plan. The Second
Five-Year Plan (1953-57) was followed by the Three-Year Plan
(1958-60). Regular five-year plans were resumed with the Third
Five-Year Plan (1961-65), and they have continued to be used
since then.
In the late 1980s, economic planning in Mongolia included
long-term, five-year, and annual plans that operated on multiple
levels. Planning originated with the Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party, which produced the guidelines for economic
and social development for the five-year period corresponding to
the party's congress. Based on these guidelines, the Standing
Commission on Economic-Budget Affairs of the People's Great Hural
drafted the five-year national and annual economic plans, which
were approved by the People's Great Hural and became law. The
Council of Ministers directed and implemented national planning
through the State Planning and Economic Committee and through the
Ministry of Finance. Planning for different sectors of the
economy was conducted by relevant ministries and state
committees; local plans were drawn up by local governmental
organizations.
Mongolia's five-year plans have been coordinated with those
of the Soviet Union since 1961 and with Comecon multilateral
five-year plans since 1976. Annual plan coordination with the
Soviet Union, which is made official in signed protocols, began
in 1971. Mongolian planners were trained by Soviet planners and
cooperated with them in drafting long-term plans, such as the
General Scheme for the Development and Location of the Mongolian
People's Republic Productive Forces up to 1990, produced in the
late 1970s; and the Longterm Program for the Development of
Economic, Scientific, and Technical Cooperation Between the
Mongolian People' Republic and the USSR for the Period up to
2000, signed in 1985.
National economic plans included general development goals as
well as specific targets and quotas for agriculture, capital
construction and investment, domestic and foreign trade,
industry, labor resources and wages, retail sales and services,
telecommunications, and transportation. The plans also focused on
such social development goals and targets as improved living
standards, population increase, cultural development, and
scientific and technical development.
Data as of June 1989
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