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MongoliaGOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Party and Government: Communist, modeled on Soviet
system; limited degree of private ownership permitted by 1960
Constitution. Unicameral People's Great Hural with 370 deputies
elected in June 1986 for four-year term; 328 were members or
candidate members of ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary
Party. Council of Ministers with highest executive power.
Political processes guided in theory by People's Great Hural,
which enacts basic laws of country, but real power vested in tenperson party Political Bureau. Central Committee appoints and
removes Political Bureau members and is itself appointed by
National Party Congress. Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
only legal party in 1989. Land, natural resources, factories,
transport, and banking organizations are state property.
Cooperative ownership of most public enterprises, especially
livestock herding.
Administrative Divisions: Eighteen provinces
(aymags), three municipalities (hots), and counties
(somons), each with own Mongolian People's Revolutionary
Party organization, which directs work of local assemblies,
cooperatives, and government on its level.
Judicial System: Blend of Soviet, Chinese, and Turkish
systems of law; administered by courts and Office of the
Procurator of the Republic--appointed to five-year term by
People's Great Hural. No constitutional provision for judicial
review of legislative acts; does not accept International Court
of Justice jurisdiction. Supreme Court elected by People's Great
Hural for four-year term. Lower court judges elected by local
assemblies for three-year terms. People's Great Hural appoints
procurator, who appoints lower-level procurators. Procurator and
Supreme Court accountable to People's Great Hural and its
presidium.
Foreign Affairs: Heavily dependent on Soviet Union for
economic assistance, technical aid, and labor. Historical focus
on two neighbors--China and Soviet Union, with which it shares
strategic location; latter with a powerful influence over many
aspects of foreign policy. Diplomatic relations established with
United States in 1987.
Data as of June 1989
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