Poland RELIGION
Monastery and basilica of Jasna Góra at Czestochowa.
Courtesy Consulate General of Polish People's Republic, New York
The Black Madonna, Poland's most significant religious
relic
Courtesy Reverend Edward Mroczynski, S.Ch.
World War II essentially transformed Poland into a
state
dominated by a single religion. According to a 1991
government
survey, Roman Catholicism was professed by 96 percent of
the
population. The practice of Judaism declined more
dramatically
than any other religion after the war, but the numbers of
adherents of Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other groups
also
fell significantly. Although the claim of religious
affiliation
signified different levels of participation for different
segments of society (80.6 percent of professed Catholics
described themselves as attending mass regularly), the
history of
Roman Catholicism in Poland formed a uniquely solid link
between
nationality and religious belief. As a result of that
identity,
Poland was the only country where the advent of communism
had
very little effect on the individual citizen's practice of
organized religion. During the communist era, the Catholic
Church
enjoyed varying levels of autonomy, but the church
remained the
primary source of moral values, as well as an important
political
force. Of the 4 percent of Poles who were not Roman
Catholic,
half belonged to one of forty-two other denominations in
1991,
and the rest professed no religion. The largest of the
nonCatholic faiths was the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox
Church.
Although Poland returned to its tradition of religious
tolerance
after the communist era, jurisdictional issues complicated
relations between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic
churches.
Data as of October 1992
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