Spain MILITARY COMMANDS AND ORGANIZATION
Figure 14. Organization of National Defense, 1988
Figure 15. Major Military Installations, 1988
Spanish-made CASA aircraft
Courtesy Embassy of Spain, Washington
As a result of the organizational reforms since 1977,
culminating in the 1984 law that reaffirmed civil
authority over
the military establishment, command responsibility for the
three
armed services, was vested in the JEMAD, who reported
directly to
the minister of defense. The post was held by a senior
officer of
each of the three services on an alternating basis, with
no
specified term. The JEMAD was responsible for proposing
major
strategic objectives that formed the basis for the Joint
Strategic Plan, prepared by the Ministry of Defense for
the prime
minister's approval. The JEMAD also prepared operational
directives and plans derived from the Joint Strategic
Plan,
determined requirements for the conduct of military
operations in
case of war, coordinated logistics among the three
services, and
supervised the training and effectiveness of the services.
To
carry out these functions, the JEMAD had at his disposal a
staff
of five sections: plans and organization, intelligence,
strategy,
logistics, and telecommunications and electronic warfare.
At a senior level in the Ministry of Defense, the
office of
the secretary of state for defense was responsible for
material
and economic resources. The office was divided into three
directorates general, concerned, respectively, with
economic
affairs, armaments and materiel, and infrastructure. At a
parallel level, the under secretary of defense and his
staff
supervised technical services, personnel training,
administrative
services, and the general council.
The first JEMAD was Admiral Angel Liberal Lucini. In
October
1986, Lucini was succeeded by Lieutenant General Gonzalo
Puigserver Roma, an air force officer; the chiefs of staff
of the
three service branches were replaced at the same time. The
wholesale removal of the top military leadership
reportedly was
carried out by Minister of Defense Narcis Serra i Serra in
reaction to their opposition to several of the Socialist
government's reform measures, including the reduction of
compulsory military service to twelve months and changes
in the
military justice system that expanded the rights of
individual
soldiers
(see Sources and Quality of Manpower;
Military Justice
, this ch.).
Data as of December 1988
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