Angola

Foreign Auxiliary Forces

FAPLA was augmented in the late 1980s by exiled Namibian and South African black nationalist forces, which enjoyed refuge in Angola. SWAPO had some 9,000 guerrillas encamped primarily in the south. Their location near UNITA's area of operations permitted them to collect intelligence and conduct operations, and about 2,500 SWAPO troops regularly engaged in fighting UNITA. Moreover, about 1,000 ANC guerrillas, exiles from South Africa, also cooperated with FAPLA in action against UNITA and South African forces. Upon implementation of the 1988 regional accords signed by Angola, South Africa, and Cuba, it seemed likely that SWAPO guerrillas would return to Namibia and that the ANC members would be relocated to other African states outside the region.

Data as of February 1989

Angola - TABLE OF CONTENTS

National Security

• NATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
• EVOLUTION OF THE ARMED FORCES
  • Background
  • Independence Struggle, Civil War, and Intervention
  • The Development of FAPLA
• ARMED FORCES
  • Constitutional and Political Context
  • Armed Forces Organization and Mission
    • Ground Forces
    • Air and Air Defense Force
    • Navy
    • Foreign Auxiliary Forces
  • Troop Strength, Recruitment, and Conscription
  • Conditions of Service, Ranks, and Military Justice
  • Foreign Influences
    • Communist Nations
    • Noncommunist Nations
  • Training
  • FAPLA's Combat Performance
• WAR AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN SOCIETY
  • The Costs of Endemic Conflict
  • War and the Military in National Perspective
  • Civic Action and Veterans' Groups
• INTERNAL SECURITY
  • Antigovernment Opposition
  • Erstwhile Opposition: FLEC and the FNLA
  • The Enduring Rival: UNITA
    • Military Organization and Capability
    • External Support
  • Angola as a Refuge
  • Internal Security Forces and Organization
• CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
  • Criminal Justice System
  • Prison System
  • Incidence and Trends in Crime
  • Human Rights