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Japan NATIONAL SECURITY
Armed Forces: Article 9 of Constitution
precludes
existence of offensive military forces. Self-Defense
Forces
numbered about 246,400 in 1992: Ground Self-Defense Force
156,000,
Maritime Self-Defense Force 44,400, and Air Self-Defense
Force
46,000. Reserves 48,400.
Military Units: Five armies, five maritime
districts, and
three air defense forces. Main bases in Hokkaido, eastern
Honshu,
central and western Honshu and Shikoku, and Kyushu.
Equipment: Ground Self-Defense Force: medium
tanks,
reconnaissance vehicles, armored personnel carriers, towed
and
self-propelled howitzers, mortars, single rocket and
multiple
rocket launchers, air defense guns, surface-to-surface
missiles,
antitank missiles, fixed-wing aircraft, attack
helicopters, and
transport helicopters. Maritime Self-Defense Force:
submarines,
guided missile destroyers, frigates with helicopters,
frigates,
patrol and coastal combatants, mine warfare ships,
amphibious
ships, auxiliaries, fixed-wing aircraft, and helicopters.
Air SelfDefense Force: ground attack aircraft, fighters,
reconnaissance
aircraft, airborne early warning aircraft, transport
aircraft,
surface-to-air missiles, air-to-surface missiles,
air-to-air
missiles, and air-defense control and warning units.
Military Budget: Approximately US$34.3 billion
in fiscal
year 1992. Efforts made for political reasons to keep
direct
defense expenses at about 1 percent of GNP.
Foreign Military Treaty: Treaty of Mutual
Cooperation and
Security with United States (1960); can be revoked on
one-year's
notice by either party and is updated by minutes
periodically.
Police Forces: Independent municipal and local
police
forces, all under supervision of National Police Agency in
1993.
National Rural Police at prefectural level.
Data as of January 1994
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