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Adrian Kantrowitz[kan´truwits´´] Pronunciation Key, 1918–, American surgeon. The son of a physician, Kantrowitz received his M.D. from Western Reserve Univ. (1943), returning after World War II to study cardiovascular physiology under Carl John Wiggers. He devised (with Alan Lerrick) a plastic heart valve (1954), a heart-lung machine (1958), an internal pacemaker (1961–62), and (with Tetsuzo Akutsu) an auxiliary left ventricle (1964). In 1966 he performed the first implantation of a partial mechanical heart in a human, and on Dec. 6, 1967, the second human cardiac transplant. He also published pioneer motion pictures taken inside the living heart.
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