National Parks and Monuments
National Parks |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Acadia |
NP |
SE Maine |
1919 |
48,419 (19,603) |
Mountain and coast scenery. |
| American Samoa |
NP |
American Samoa |
1988 |
9,000 (3,645) |
Two rain forest preserves and a coral reef. |
| Arches |
NP |
E Utah |
1929 |
76,519 (30,979) |
Giant arches formed by erosion; designated a national park in 1971. |
| Badlands |
NP |
SW S.Dak. |
1929 |
242,756 (98,316) |
Gullies, ridges, and other erosional landforms; fossils. See badlands. |
| Big Bend |
NP |
W Tex. |
1935 |
801,163 (324,471) |
Canyons and desert plain on the Rio Grande; Chisos Mts. Designated a national park in 1944. |
| Biscayne |
NP |
SE Fla. |
1968 |
172,924 (70,010) |
Aquatic park encompassing 25 islands. Example of a living coral reef; includes part of Biscayne Bay. Enlarged and designated a national park in 1980. |
| Bryce Canyon |
NP |
SW Utah |
1924 |
35,835 (14,513) |
Canyon with colored walls and rock formations. |
| Canyonlands |
NP |
SE Utah |
1964 |
337,598 (136,679) |
Rocks, spires, and mesas; Native American rock art and ruins. |
| Capitol Reef |
NP |
S Utah |
1937 |
241,904 (97,971) |
Highly colored sandstone cliffs dissected by gorges; named for a white, dome-shaped rock. |
| Carlsbad Caverns |
NP |
SE N.Mex. |
1923 |
46,766 (18,940) |
Great limestone caverns. Designated a national park in 1930. |
| Channel Islands |
NP |
SW Calif. |
1938 |
249,354 (100,988) |
Part of the Santa Barbara Islands. Nesting sea birds, sea lions, and unique plants. |
| Crater Lake |
NP |
SW Oreg. |
1902 |
183,224 (74,206) |
Blue lake in a volcanic crater. |
| Death Valley |
NP |
SE Calif., SW Nev. |
1933 |
3,367,628 (1,363,412) |
Lowest point in Western Hemisphere; desert environment. |
| Denali |
PP |
S Alaska |
1917 |
6,075,690 (2,459,794) |
Contains Mt. McKinley (Denali), North America's highest mountain; wildlife preserve. |
| Dry Tortugas |
NP |
S Fla. |
1935 |
64,701 (26,195) |
Contains Fort Jefferson, the largest all-masonry fort in the Western Hemisphere, built 1846. See Dry Tortugas. |
| Everglades |
PE |
S Fla. |
1934 |
1,508,580 (610,761) |
Subtropical wilderness with prairies, mangroves, great variety of birds. See Everglades. |
| Gates of the Arctic |
PP |
N Alaska |
1978 |
8,472,527 (3,430,173) |
Vast wilderness within the Arctic Circle. |
| Glacier |
NP |
NW Mont. |
1910 |
1,013,572 (410,497) |
Glaciers, forests, and lakes; on the Continental Divide. |
| Glacier Bay |
PP |
SE Alaska |
1925 |
3,283,246 (1,329,249) |
Glaciers, ice displays. |
| Grand Canyon |
NP |
NW Ariz. |
1908 |
1,217,403 (492,876) |
Great gorge of the Colorado River. See Grand Canyon. |
| Grand Teton |
NP |
NW Wyo. |
1929 |
309,993 (125,503) |
Scenic portion of the Teton Range; Jackson Hole. |
| Great Basin |
NP |
Nev. |
1986 |
77,180 (31,258) |
Features Lehman Caves, an ice field on Wheeler Peak, ancient bristlecone pines, and a limestone arch. See Great Basin. |
| Great Smoky Mountains |
NP |
N.C., Tenn. |
1926 |
521,621 (211,183) |
Wild, beautiful area in the Great Smoky Mountains. |
| Guadalupe Mountains |
NP |
W Tex. |
1966 |
86,416 (34,998) |
Mountain region; contains a limestone fossil reef. |
| Haleakala |
NP |
Maui Island, Hawaii |
1916 |
29,824 (12,074) |
Haleakala crater; rare and endangered species. |
| Hawaii Volcanoes |
NP |
Hawaii Island, Hawaii |
1916 |
209,695 (84,926) |
Volcanic region; lush vegetation. |
| Hot Springs |
NP |
W central Ark. |
1921 |
5,549 (2,247) |
Mineral springs. |
| Isle Royale |
NP |
NW Mich. |
1931 |
571,790 (231,575) |
Forested island in Lake Superior. |
| Joshua Tree |
NP |
S Calif. |
1936 |
1,022,703 (414,050) |
Rare Joshua trees, or "praying plants"; named by Mormons because of upstretched arms. |
| Katmai |
PP |
SE Alaska |
1918 |
4,093,229 (1,657,178) |
Deep forest with lakes and active volcanoes. |
| Kenai Fjords |
NP |
S Alaska |
1978 |
669,983 (271,248) |
Wilderness preserve, vast ice fields, fjords, and outflowing glaciers. |
| Kings Canyon |
NP |
E central Calif. |
1890 |
461,901 (187,070) |
Canyons, peaks, sequoias. |
| Kobuk Valley |
NP |
NW Alaska |
1978 |
1,750,737 (709,048) |
A wildlife preserve north of the Arctic Circle; archaeological remnants of 10,000 years of human habitation. |
| Lake Clark |
PP |
S Alaska |
1978 |
4,030,058 (1,631,602) |
Waterfalls, tundra, and active volcanoes. |
| Lassen Volcanic |
NP |
N Calif. |
1907 |
106,372 (43,081) |
Volcanic peaks and lava formations. |
| Mammoth Cave |
NP |
Central Ky. |
1926 |
52,830 (21,396) |
Longest recorded cave system in the world. |
| Mesa Verde |
NP |
SW Colo. |
1906 |
52,122 (21,109) |
Prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Mount Rainier |
NP |
SW Wash. |
1899 |
235,625 (95,395) |
Volcanic peak and glaciers; subalpine meadows. |
| North Cascades |
NP |
N Wash. |
1968 |
504,781 (204,436) |
Area of noted alpine scenery in the Cascade Range; bisected by Ross Lake National Recreation Area. |
| Olympic |
NP |
NW Wash. |
1909 |
922,651 (373,674) |
Rain forests and glaciers in the Olympic Mountains. |
| Petrified Forest |
NP |
E Ariz. |
1906 |
93,533 (37,881) |
Petrified logs; portions of the Painted Desert. |
| Redwood |
NP |
NW Calif. |
1968 |
112,430 (45,518) |
Coastal redwood forests. |
| Rocky Mountain |
NP |
Central Colo. |
1915 |
265,723 (107,580) |
Scenic Rocky Mountains region on the Continental Divide; many high, snowcapped peaks. |
| Saguaro |
NP |
SE Ariz. |
1933 |
91,443 (37,021) |
Saguaro, other cacti, varied desert growth. |
| Sequoia |
NP |
E Calif. |
1890 |
402,510 (162,960) |
Groves of giant sequoias. |
| Shenandoah |
NP |
N Va. |
1926 |
198,081 (80,195) |
Forested region of the Blue Ridge Mts. |
| Theodore Roosevelt |
NP |
W N.Dak. |
1947 |
70,447 (28,531) |
Part of Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch; badlands along the Little Missouri River. |
| Virgin Islands |
NP |
Virgin Islands, on St. John |
1956 |
14,689 (5,949) |
Unusual scenery, marine life, coral gardens; ruins of Danish colonial sugar plantations. |
| Voyageurs |
NP |
N Minn. |
1971 |
218,200 (88,340) |
Scenic northern lakes region; interesting glacial features and history. |
| Wind Cave |
NP |
SW S.Dak. |
1903 |
28,295 (11,459) |
Limestone caverns in the Black Hills. |
| WrangellSt. Elias |
PP |
SW Alaska |
1978 |
13,176,371 (5,334,563) |
Largest unit in the National Park System; numerous peaks over 16,000 ft (4,900 m), abundant wildlife. |
| Yellowstone |
NP |
Wyo., Mont., Idaho |
1872 |
2,219,791 (899,015) |
Geysers and hot springs, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone; first national park. |
| Yosemite |
NP |
E Central Calif. |
1890 |
761,266 (308,205) |
Mountain region with Yosemite Valley. |
| Zion |
NP |
SW Utah |
1909 |
146,592 (59,349) |
Multicolored canyon in a desert region. |
National Monuments |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Agate Fossil Beds |
MO |
NW Nebr. |
1965 |
3,055 (1,237) |
World-famous quarries containing numerous well-preserved Miocene mammal fossils; museum of Native American artifacts. |
| Agua Fria |
MO |
Central Ariz. |
2000 |
71,100 (28,796) |
A Native American settlement system dating to A.D. 12501450, spread over two mesas and the Agua Fria River canyon; more than 450 sites with pueblos, stone forts, and petroglyphs. |
| Alibates Flint Quarries |
MO |
NW Tex. |
1965 |
1,371 (555) |
Flint quarries, first worked by Native Americans c.10,000 years ago; rich archaeological and historic area. |
| Aniakchak |
MR |
SW Alaska |
1978 |
602,779 (244,040) |
Volcano; wilderness and wildlife preserve. |
| Aztec Ruins |
MO |
NW N.Mex. |
1923 |
319 (129) |
Ruins of a Pueblo town. |
| Bandelier |
MO |
N N.Mex. |
1916 |
33,677 (13,634) |
Ruins of 13th-century Pueblo cliff dwellings. |
| Black Canyon of the Gunnison |
NP |
W Colo. |
1933 |
30,300 (12,272) |
Deep, narrow canyon of the Gunnison River, named for its dark-colored walls, which are always in shadow; designated a national park in 1999. |
| Booker T. Washington |
MO |
Central Va. |
1956 |
224 (91) |
Birthplace and childhood home of Booker T. Washington. |
| Buck Island Reef |
MO |
Virgin Islands, on Buck Island |
1961 |
880 (356) |
One of the finest marine gardens in the Caribbean; bird rookeries and grottoes. |
| Cabrillo |
MO |
SW Calif. |
1913 |
137 (55) |
Memorial to Juan RodrIguez Cabrillo. |
| California Coastal Rocks and Islands |
MO |
W Calif. |
2000 |
|
Thousands of islands, rocks, and reefs within 12 mi (19 km) of California's 840-mi (1,350-km) coastline; includes nesting grounds of seabirds and marine mammals. |
| Canyon de Chelly |
MO |
NE Ariz. |
1931 |
83,840 (33,955) |
Ruins of prehistoric Native American villages. |
| Canyons of the Ancients |
MO |
SW Colo. |
2000 |
164,000 (66,420) |
Rugged landscape that is archaeologically rich, with some sites dating to 10,000 years ago; later pit houses, cliff dwellings, and pueblos. |
| Cape Krusenstern |
MO |
Alaska |
1978 |
649,182 (262,828) |
Archaeological sites of indigenous communities dating back 4,000 years. |
| Capulin Volcano |
MO |
NE N.Mex. |
1916 |
793 (321) |
Huge cinder cone of inactive volcano. |
| Carrizo Plain |
MO |
W central Calif. |
2001 |
204,000 (82,560) |
Grasslands and wetlands, including akali Soda Lake, in Central Valley. Home to threatened or endangered species. |
| Casa Grande |
MO |
S Ariz. |
1892 |
473 (191) |
Huge building built c.600 years ago, in the ruins of a Native American pueblo. |
| Cascade-Siskiyou |
MO |
S central Oregon |
2000 |
52,000 (21,060) |
A biologically diverse and ecologically unique area that also includes Soda Mountain, Pilot Rock, and Siskiyou Pass. |
| Castillo de San Marcos |
MO |
NE Fla. |
1924 |
20 (8) |
Old Spanish masonry fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Castle Clinton |
MO |
SE N.Y. |
1946 |
1 (.4) |
See Battery, the. |
| Cedar Breaks |
MO |
SW Utah |
1933 |
6,155 (2,493) |
Amphitheater (2,000 ft/610 m deep) formed by erosion. |
| Chiricahua |
MO |
SE Ariz. |
1924 |
11,985 (4,854) |
Odd-shaped rock formations. |
| Colorado |
MO |
W Colo. |
1911 |
20,534 (8,313) |
Huge monoliths and other unusual erosional features. |
| Congaree Swamp |
MO |
S.C. |
1976 |
21,888 (8,862) |
Contains last significant tract of southern bottomland hardwood forest in the United States. |
| Craters of the Moon |
MO |
S Idaho |
1924 |
53,440 (21,636) |
Volcanic cones, craters, fissures, lava flows. |
| Devils Postpile |
MO |
E Calif. |
1911 |
798 (323) |
Basaltic columns, some 60 ft (18 m) high. |
| Devils Tower |
MO |
NE Wyo. |
1906 |
1,347 (546) |
Volcanic rock tower; first national monument. |
| Dinosaur |
MO |
Colo., Utah |
1915 |
210,278 (85,133) |
Rich quarries of well-preserved fossils. |
| Effigy Mounds |
MO |
NE Iowa |
1949 |
1,481 (600) |
Outstanding examples of prehistoric Native American mounds. |
| El Malpais |
MO |
N.Mex. |
1987 |
114,277 (46,282) |
In English, "the badlands"; volcanic area; also rich in Pueblo history. |
| El Morro |
MO |
W N.Mex. |
1906 |
1,279 (518) |
Sandstone monolith with inscriptions of Spanish explorers and American pioneers. |
| Florissant Fossil Beds |
MO |
Central Colo. |
1969 |
5,998 (2,429) |
Well-preserved insect, seed, and leaf fossils of the Oligocene period; petrified sequoia tree stumps. |
| Fort Frederica |
MO |
SE Ga. |
1936 |
241 (98) |
Ruins of a fort built by James Oglethorpe on one of the Sea Islands. |
| Fort McHenry |
MO |
N Md. |
1925 |
43 (17) |
See Fort McHenry. |
| Fort Matanzas |
MO |
NE Fla. |
1924 |
228 (92) |
Spanish fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Fort Pulaski |
MO |
SE Ga. |
1924 |
5,623 (2,277) |
Fort on Cockspur Island. See Fort Pulaski. |
| Fort Stanwix |
MO |
Central N.Y. |
1935 |
16 (6) |
See Fort Stanwix. |
| Fort Sumter |
MO |
SE S.C. |
1948 |
195 (79) |
Scene of the engagement that opened the Civil War. See Fort Sumter. |
| Fort Union |
MO |
NW N.Mex. |
1954 |
721 (292) |
Ruins of a U.S. army fort on the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Fossil Butte |
MO |
W Wyo. |
1972 |
8,198 (3,320) |
Area containing Paleocene-Eocene fossil fish. |
| George Washington Birthplace |
MO |
E Va. |
1930 |
627 (254) |
Estate and reconstructed mansion. See Wakefield. |
| George Washington Carver |
MO |
SW Mo. |
1943 |
210 (85) |
Birthplace and boyhood home of George Washington Carver. |
| Giant Sequoia |
MO |
E Calif. |
2000 |
328,000 (132,742) |
Last remaining 34 groves of ancient sequoia trees within Sequoia National Forest. |
| Gila Cliff Dwellings |
MO |
SW N.Mex. |
1907 |
533 (216) |
Well-preserved dwellings built by the Pueblo into a 150-ft (46-m) cliff. |
| Grand CanyonParashant |
MO |
NW Ariz. |
2000 |
1,014,000 (410,670) |
Canyons, mountains, and buttes on the W portion of the Grand Canyon's north rim. Prehistoric and 19th-century remains; rare condors and tortoises. |
| Grand Portage |
MO |
NE Minn. |
1951 |
710 (288) |
9-mi (14-km) portage on the route to the Northwest used by explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. |
| Grand Staircase-Escalante |
MO |
S Utah |
1996 |
1,700,000 (688,000) |
Rock formations; natural arches and bridges; prehistoric dwellings and rock art; fossil sites. |
| Great Sand Dunes |
MO |
S Colo. |
1932 |
38,662 (15,658) |
Large, high sand dunes in the Sangre de Cristo Mts. |
| Hagerman Fossil Beds |
MO |
S Idaho |
1988 |
4,351 (1,762) |
Fossils dating from the Pliocene era. |
| Hanford Reach |
MO |
S central Wash. |
2000 |
195,000 (78,975) |
Free-flowing nontidal stretch of the Columbia River with salmon spawing grounds and the shrub-steppe ecosystem originally typical of the river basin. |
| Hohokam Pima |
MO |
Central Ariz. |
1972 |
1,690 (684) |
Archaeological remains of the Hohokam culture. |
| Homestead |
MO |
SE Nebr. |
1936 |
195 (79) |
Site of the first farm claimed under the Homestead Act. |
| Hovenweep |
MO |
Utah, Colo. |
1923 |
785 (318) |
Prehistoric Native American pueblos and cliff dwellings. |
| Ironwood Forest |
MO |
S Ariz. |
2000 |
129,000 (52,245) |
Mountainous desert landscape with large stands of ironwood trees; saguaro forests and bighorn sheep; historic Hohokam sites. |
| Jewel Cave |
MO |
SW S.Dak. |
1908 |
1,274 (516) |
Limestone caves with chambers connected by narrow passages; in the Black Hills. |
| John Day Fossil Beds |
MO |
N central Oregon |
1974 |
14,014 (5,676) |
Consists of Sheep Rock, Painted Hills, and Clarno locations. Its rich fossil remains extend over four prehistoric periods. |
| Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks |
MO |
N central N.Mex. |
2001 |
4,114 (1,665) |
Canyons, cliffs, and cone-shaped rock formations with nesting birds. |
| Lava Beds |
MO |
N Calif. |
1925 |
46,560 (18,857) |
Examples of volcanism; scene of Modoc uprising. |
| Little Bighorn Battlefield |
MO |
SE Mont. |
1879 |
765 (310) |
Site of the battle between five companies of the Seventh Cavalry, commanded by George Armstrong Custer, and the Sioux and Cheyenne. |
| Minidoka Internment |
MO |
S Idaho |
2001 |
73 (30) |
Site of a World War II internment camp for Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Montezuma Castle |
MO |
Central Ariz. |
1906 |
858 (347) |
Well-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Muir Woods |
MO |
W Calif. |
1908 |
554 (224) |
Virgin stand of coastal redwoods. |
| Natural Bridges |
MO |
SE Utah |
1908 |
7,636 (3,093) |
Three huge natural sandstone bridges. |
| Navajo |
MO |
NE Ariz. |
1909 |
360 (146) |
Ruins of large cliff dwellings. |
| Newberry |
MO |
Central Oregon |
1990 |
50,500 (20,453) |
Caldera of a 500 sq mi (1,300 sq km) volcano, with lava flows, cinder cones, and the Lava Cast Forest. |
| Ocmulgee |
MO |
Central Ga. |
1934 |
702 (284) |
Remains of prehistoric temple mounds. |
| Oregon Caves |
MO |
SW Oreg. |
1909 |
488 (198) |
Limestone caverns with four levels; rock formations. |
| Organ Pipe Cactus |
MO |
S Ariz. |
1937 |
330,689 (133,929) |
Unique Sonoran Desert plants and animals. |
| Petroglyph |
MO |
N.Mex. |
1990 |
7,232 (2,928) |
More than 15,000 prehistoric and historic Native American and Hispanic petroglyphs and rock art carvings. |
| Pinnacles |
MO |
W Calif. |
1908 |
24,265 (9,827) |
Rock spires from 500 to 1,200 ft (150 to 365 m) high; caves. |
| Pipe Spring |
MO |
NW Ariz. |
1923 |
40 (16) |
Spring first visited by the Mormons; old fort. |
| Pipestone |
MO |
SW Minn. |
1937 |
282 (114) |
Quarry that was a source for Native American peace pipes; park includes Upper Midwest Indian Cultural Center. |
| Pompeys Pillar |
MO |
S central Mont. |
2001 |
51 (21) |
Large sandstone butte on Yellowstone River with inscription by William Clark. |
| Poverty Point |
MO |
NE La. |
1988 |
911 (369) |
Remains of a 2d millenium B.C. culture. |
| President Lincoln and Soldier's Home |
MO |
Washington, D.C. |
2000 |
2.3 (.9) |
Historic Anderson Cottage, used as a summer retreat by Lincoln and other presidents. |
| Rainbow Bridge |
MO |
S Utah |
1910 |
160 (65) |
Pink sandstone arch. |
| Russell Cave |
MO |
NE Ala. |
1961 |
310 (126) |
Cave containing a nearly continuous archaeological record of human habitation from about 7000 B.C. to A.D. 1650. |
| Salinas Pueblo Missions |
MO |
Central N.Mex. |
1909 |
1,071 (434) |
Four 17th-century mission churches and ruins of three Pueblo villages. |
| Scotts Bluff |
MO |
W Nebr. |
1919 |
3,003 (1,216) |
Landmark on the Oregon Trail. |
| Sonoran Desert |
MO |
SW Ariz. |
2001 |
486,000 (196,684) |
Biologically diverse desert with mountain ranges and lowland valleys. Historical and archaeological remains. |
| Statue of Liberty |
MO |
SE N.Y. |
1924 |
58 (23) |
See Liberty, Statue of. |
| Sunset Crater Volcano |
MO |
N Ariz. |
1930 |
3,040 (1,231) |
Volcanic cinder cone with multicolored crater. |
| Timpanogos Cave |
MO |
N Utah |
1922 |
250 (101) |
Limestone cavern on Mt. Timpanogos. |
| Tonto |
MO |
Central Ariz. |
1907 |
1,120 (454) |
Well-preserved 14th-century cliff dwellings built by Native Americans in the Salt River valley. |
| Tuzigoot |
MO |
Central Ariz. |
1939 |
801 (324) |
Excavated ruins of a large Native American pueblo. |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks |
MO |
N central Mont. |
2001 |
377,346 (152,825) |
Rugged, remote ecosystem paralleling the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River; explored by Lewis and Clark. |
| U.S. Virgin Islands Coral Reef |
MO |
Virgin Islands, off St. John |
2001 |
12,000 (4,856) |
Mangroves, sea grass beds, and coral reefs, home to many sea animals and birds. |
| Vermilion Cliffs |
MO |
N Ariz. |
2000 |
293,000 (118,577) |
Remote cliffs, plateaus, canyons, and desert grasslands. |
| Walnut Canyon |
MO |
N Ariz. |
1915 |
3,579 (1,449) |
12th-century Sinagua cliff dwellings. |
| White Sands |
MO |
S N.Mex. |
1933 |
143,733 (58,212) |
Wind-drifted gypsum sands. |
| Wupatki |
MO |
N Ariz. |
1924 |
35,422 (14,341) |
Several prehistoric pueblos. |
| Yucca House |
MO |
SW Colo. |
1919 |
34 (14) |
Unexcavated ruins of a prehistoric Native American village. |
National and International Historic Sites and Historical Parks |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Abraham Lincoln Birthplace |
HS |
Central Ky. |
1916 |
117 (47) |
Traditional birthplace cabin in memorial building on site of Lincoln's birthplace. |
| Adams |
HP |
E Mass. |
1946 |
14 (6) |
Home of Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the family. |
| Allegheny Portage Railroad |
HS |
SW Pa. |
1964 |
1,249 (506) |
Inclined-plane railroad that lifted passengers and cargoes of boats on the Pennsylvania Canal over the Allegheny Mts. |
| Andersonville |
HS |
SW Ga. |
1970 |
495 (200) |
Civil War prison camp and national prisoner of war memorial. See under Andersonville. |
| Andrew Johnson |
HS |
NE Tenn. |
1935 |
17 (7) |
Home, shop, and grave of President Andrew Johnson; site includes Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. |
| Appomattox Court House |
HP |
S central Va. |
1930 |
1,775 (719) |
Site of Lee's surrender to Grant. See under Appomattox, Va. |
| Bent's Old Fort |
HS |
SE Colo. |
1960 |
799 (323) |
Fur-trading post and rest station on the Santa Fe Trail; built c.1830 by Charles Bent and William Bent. See Bent's Fort. |
| Boston |
HP |
E Mass. |
1974 |
41 (17) |
Many sites include Old South Meeting House, the home of Paul Revere, obelisk commemorating the Battle of Bunker Hill, and part of the Charlestown Navy Yard. |
| Boston African American |
HS |
E Mass. |
1980 |
.38 (.15) |
Site features oldest African-American church in the United States and the Black Heritage Trail. |
| Brown v. Board of Education |
HS |
NE Kansas |
1992 |
2 (.8) |
See Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans. |
| Cane River Creole |
HP |
SE La. |
1994 |
207 (84) |
Plantations and other sites associated with the development of creole culture. |
| Carl Sandburg Home |
HS |
SW N.C. |
1968 |
264 (107) |
Farm home of author Carl Sandburg. |
| Chaco Culture |
HP |
NW N.Mex. |
1907 |
33,974 (13,759) |
13 pre-Columbian ruins of the Anasazi. Ruins representing the highest point of Pueblo prehistoric civilization (A.D. 9001000). |
| Charles Pinckney |
HS |
SE S.C. |
1988 |
28 (11) |
Home and estate of American diplomat and framer of the Constitution. |
| Chesapeake and Ohio Canal |
HP |
D.C., Md., W.Va. |
1938 |
19,236 (7,791) |
See Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Proclaimed a national monument in 1961, a national historical park in 1971. |
| Christiansted |
HS |
Virgin Islands, on St. Croix |
1952 |
27 (11) |
Commemorates the Virgin Islands' colonial development, especially under Danish rule in the 18th and 19th cent. |
| Clara Barton |
HS |
S Md. |
1974 |
9 (4) |
Home and offices of the founder of the American Red Cross. |
| Colonial |
HP |
SE Va. |
1930 |
9,350 (3,785) |
Historic Yorktown, Jamestown, and Cape Henry. Colonial Parkway connects some sites with Williamsburg. |
| Cumberland Gap |
HP |
Ky., Tenn., Va. |
1940 |
20,454 (8,281) |
Mountain pass of the Wilderness Road. See Cumberland Gap. |
| Dayton Aviation Heritage |
HP |
W Ohio |
1992 |
86 (35) |
Site honors life and work of the Wright brothers, as well as poet Paul Laurence Dunbar. |
| Edgar Allan Poe |
HS |
SE Pa. |
1978 |
.52 (.21) |
In 1843, Poe lived here and wrote several of his most famous stories. |
| Edison |
HS |
NE N.J. |
1962 |
21 (9) |
Buildings and equipment used by Thomas A. Edison. |
| Eisenhower |
HS |
S Pa. |
1969 |
690 (279) |
Home and farm of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt |
HS |
S N.Y. |
1977 |
181 (73) |
Her personal retreat including two restored buildings, tennis court, rose garden, and playhouse. |
| Eugene O'Neill |
HS |
N Calif. |
1976 |
13 (5) |
Restored home of the playwright. |
| Ford's Theatre |
HS |
Washington, D.C. |
1970 |
.29 (.12) |
Site of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination and death; includes the Lincoln Museum. |
| Fort Bowie |
HS |
SE Ariz. |
1964 |
1,000 (405) |
Ruins of a fort (est. 1862) that was the base of military operations against Geronimo and his followers. |
| Fort Davis |
HS |
W Tex. |
1961 |
474 (192) |
Key post in the defensive system of W Texas, guarding (185491) the San AntonioEl Paso road through the Davis Mts. |
| Fort Laramie |
HS |
SE Wyo. |
1938 |
833 (337) |
Buildings of an old fort on the Oregon Trail. |
| Fort Larned |
HS |
Central Kansas |
1964 |
718 (291) |
Protected the Santa Fe Trail; served as a military base during the Plains War (1860s) and later as an Indian Bureau administrative center. |
| Fort Point |
HS |
W Calif. |
1970 |
29 (12) |
Brick and granite mid-19th-century coastal fortification. |
| Fort Raleigh |
HS |
NE N.C. |
1941 |
513 (208) |
Site of the first attempted settlement by the English in North America. See Roanoke Island. |
| Fort Scott |
HS |
SE Kansas |
1965 |
17 (7) |
Commemorates historic events in Kansas prior to and during the Civil War. |
| Fort Smith |
HS |
NW Ark. |
1961 |
75 (30) |
One of the first U.S. military posts in the Louisiana Purchase; maintained law and order in the Oklahoma Territory. See Fort Smith, Ark. |
| Fort Union Trading Post |
HS |
N.Dak., Mont. |
1966 |
442 (179) |
American Fur Company trading post during the 19th cent. |
| Fort Vancouver |
HS |
SW Wash. |
1948 |
209 (85) |
Site of a Hudson's Bay Company post (182549) and later of a U.S. army fort. |
| Frederick Douglass |
HS |
Washington, D.C. |
1962 |
9 (4) |
Home of the abolitionist and writer; contains original furnishings, photographs, lithographs, and his library. |
| Frederick Law Olmsted |
HS |
E Mass. |
1979 |
7 (2.8) |
Site of Olmsted's home and business containing lithographs and original furnishings. |
| Friendship Hill |
HS |
SW Pa. |
1978 |
675 (273) |
Home of Albert Gallatin, U.S. secretary of the treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. |
| George Rogers Clark |
HP |
SW Ind. |
1966 |
26 (11) |
Memorial near the site of old Fort Sackville, seized from the British by General G. R. Clark in 1779. |
| Golden Spike |
HS |
N Utah |
1957 |
2,735 (1,108) |
Site where the Union Pacific RR and the Central Pacific RR joined to form the first transcontinental railroad. |
| Grant-Kohrs Ranch |
HS |
W Mont. |
1972 |
1,618 (655) |
Headquarters of one of the largest 19th-century range ranches. |
| Hampton |
HS |
NE Md. |
1948 |
62 (25) |
Late-18th-century Georgian mansion. |
| Harpers Ferry |
HP |
Md., W.Va. |
1944 |
2,343 (949) |
See Harpers Ferry. |
| Harry S. Truman |
HS |
Mo. |
1983 |
7 (3) |
Home of Harry S. Truman from 1919 until 1972. |
| Herbert Hoover |
HS |
E Iowa |
1965 |
187 (76) |
Birthplace, childhood home, and burial place of President Herbert Hoover. |
| Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt |
HS |
SE N.Y. |
1944 |
349 (141) |
Home, "Summer White House," and burial place of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt. See Hyde Park. |
| Hopewell Culture |
HP |
S Ohio |
1923 |
1,245 (504) |
Prehistoric burial mounds of Hopewell people. |
| Hopewell Furnace |
HS |
SE Pa. |
1938 |
848 (343) |
19th-century iron-making site with reconstructed buildings and furnished cottages. |
| Hubbell Trading Post |
HS |
NE Ariz. |
1965 |
160 (65) |
Example of a late-19th-century trading post in the Southwest. |
| Independence |
HP |
SE Pa. |
1948 |
45 (18) |
Historic points of interest and the Liberty Bell; site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. See Independence Hall. |
| James A. Garfield |
HS |
NE Ohio |
1980 |
8 (3) |
Home of the 20th president and site of the first presidential memorial library. |
| Jean Lafitte |
HP |
SE La. |
1939 |
20,020 (8,108) |
Includes New Orleans' French Quarter, the Chalmette Battlefield, and the Barataria and Acadian units. |
| Jimmy Carter |
HS |
SW Georgia |
1987 |
71 (29) |
Buildings and exhibits associated with the 39th president's life. |
| John Fitzgerald Kennedy |
HS |
E Mass. |
1967 |
.09 (.04) |
Birthplace and early boyhood home of President John F. Kennedy. |
| John Muir |
HS |
W Calif. |
1964 |
345 (140) |
John Muir House and MartInez Adobe, commemorating contributions of John Muir to conservation and literature. |
| Kalaupapa |
HP |
N Molokai Island, Hawaii |
1980 |
10,779 (4,365) |
Site of former leper colony separated from the island by 2,000-ft (610-m) cliff; there are ruins of 300 Hawaiian structures. |
| Kaloko-Honokohau |
HP |
Hawaii Island, Hawaii |
1978 |
1,161 (470) |
Site of important pre-European settlements. |
| Keweenaw |
HP |
NW Mich. |
1992 |
1,870 (757) |
Preserves features relevant to the first significant copper mining in the United States. |
| Klondike Gold Rush |
HP |
SW Alaska, NW Wa. |
1976 |
13,191 (5,342) |
Sites connected with the 1898 Klondike gold rush including Seattle's Pioneer Square, the miners' point of departure. |
| Knife River Indian Villages |
HS |
Central N.Dak. |
1974 |
1,758 (712) |
Ruins of villages of Hidasta and Mandan Native Americans. |
| Lincoln Home |
HS |
Central Ill. |
1971 |
12 (5) |
Only private home owned by Abraham Lincoln; he was living there when he was elected president. |
| Little Rock Central High School |
HS |
Central Ark. |
1998 |
18 (7) |
Site commemorating the "Little Rock Nine" and the fight for desegregation in the schools. |
| Longfellow |
HS |
E Mass. |
1972 |
2 (.8) |
Home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (183782) in Cambridge; also George Washington's headquarters during the siege of Boston (177576). |
| Lowell |
HP |
NE Mass. |
1978 |
141 (57) |
Restored site of cotton mill traces the history of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Lyndon B. Johnson |
HP |
SE Tex. |
1969 |
1,570 (636) |
Sites of the birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch of President Lyndon B. Johnson. |
| Maggie L. Walker |
HS |
E Central Va. |
1978 |
1 (.4) |
Home of African-American bank president and early leader in the women's movement. |
| Manzanar |
HS |
E Calif. |
1992 |
814 (330) |
Site of World War II internment of Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Marsh-Billings |
HP |
Vt. |
1992 |
643 (260) |
Home of pioneer conservationist George Perkins Marsh. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. |
HS |
N Ga. |
1980 |
39 (16) |
Birthplace, church, and grave of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Van Buren |
HS |
SE N.Y. |
1974 |
40 (16) |
Home of the 8th president. |
| Mary McLeod Bethune Council House |
HS |
Washington, D.C. |
1982 |
.07 (.03) |
Home and political headquarters of the educator and activist; the carriage house contains the Bethune Archives. |
| Minute Man |
HP |
E Mass. |
1959 |
965 (391) |
Scene of fighting on the opening day of the Revolutionary War; includes North Bridge, Minute Man statue, Battle Road (see Lexington and Concord, battles of), and the home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. |
| Morristown |
HP |
N N.J. |
1933 |
1,698 (687) |
Site of military encampments during the Revolution; Washington's headquarters, 177980. |
| Natchez |
HP |
SW Miss. |
1988 |
108 (44) |
Melrose plantation and other antebellum buildings. |
| New Bedford Whaling |
HP |
SE Mass. |
1996 |
34 (14) |
Commemorates the whaling heritage of New Bedford; includes a whaling museum. |
| New Orleans Jazz |
HP |
SE La. |
1994 |
|
Preserves and interprets jazz as it has evolved in New Orleans. |
| Nez PercE |
HP |
Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash. |
1965 |
2,123 (860) |
38 sites that preserve and commemorate the history and culture of the Nez PercE. |
| Nicodemus |
HS |
NW Kansas |
1996 |
161 (65) |
Site of town established by African Americans during Reconstruction. |
| Ninety Six |
HS |
NW S.C. |
1976 |
989 (401) |
A frontier trading post and Revolutionary War stronghold. |
| Palo Alto Battlefield |
HS |
S Tex. |
1978 |
3,357 (1,360) |
Site of the first major battle of the Mexican War. |
| Pecos |
HP |
N N.Mex. |
1965 |
6,671 (2,702) |
15th-century ruins of Pecos Pueblo, once the largest Native American settlement in the Southwest. |
| Pennsylvania Avenue |
HS |
Washington, D.C. |
1965 |
|
Portion of Pennsylvania Ave. and adjacent area between the Capitol and the White House. |
| Pu'uhonua o Honaunau |
HP |
SW Hawaii Island, Hawaii |
1955 |
182 (74) |
Ancient Hawaiian sanctuary and royal residence. |
| Puukohola Heiau |
HS |
Hawaii Island, Hawaii |
1972 |
86 (35) |
Ruins of temple built (1791) by King Kamehameha the Great. |
| Sagamore Hill |
HS |
SE N.Y. |
1962 |
83 (34) |
Estate and Victorian-style home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Saint Croix Island |
IS |
E Maine |
1949 |
45 (18) |
Commemorates the French settlement on the island in the Saint Croix River. |
| Saint-Gaudens |
HS |
W N.H. |
1964 |
148 (60) |
Memorial to the American sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens; contains his home studios, gardens. |
| Saint Paul's Church |
HS |
SE N.Y. |
1943 |
6 (2) |
18th-century church associated with the events leading to the arrest of John Peter Zenger; includes Bill of Rights museum. |
| Salem Maritime |
HS |
NE Mass. |
1938 |
9 (4) |
Wharves and buildings important during Salem's seafaring days. |
| Salt River Bay |
HP |
Virgin Islands, on St. Croix |
1992 |
945 (383) |
Fort Sale; upland watersheds, mangrove forests, estuarine and marine environments. |
| San Antonio Missions |
HP |
S central Tex. |
1978 |
819 (332) |
Four missions situated on the San Antonio River; important examples of Spanish cultural influence. |
| San Francisco Maritime |
HP |
N Calif. |
1988 |
50 (20) |
Largest collection of historic ships in the United States; exhibits on maritime history. |
| San Juan |
HS |
NE Puerto Rico |
1949 |
75 (30) |
Oldest fortification within the limits of U.S. territory, built (16th cent.) by the Spanish to protect the harbor guarding the sea lanes to the New World. |
| San Juan Island |
HP |
NW Wash. |
1966 |
1,752 (710) |
Dedicated to the peaceful relationship between the United States, Britain, and Canada since the San Juan Boundary Dispute. |
| Saratoga |
HP |
E N.Y. |
1938 |
3,392 (1,373) |
Scene of a famous battle in the American Revolution. See Saratoga campaign. |
| Saugus Iron Works |
HS |
E Mass. |
1968 |
9 (4) |
Reconstruction of the 17th-century Colonial ironworks. |
| Sitka |
HP |
SE Alaska |
1910 |
107 (43) |
Site of the Tlingit peoples' defeat by Russian settlers in 1804. See Sitka. |
| Springfield Armory |
HS |
Mass. |
1974 |
55 (22) |
Large weapons museum housed in former arsenal. |
| Steamtown |
HS |
NE Pa. |
1986 |
62 (25) |
A railyard containing America's largest collection of steam-era locomotives and railroad cars. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace |
HS |
SE N.Y. |
1962 |
.11 (.04) |
Birthplace and boyhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural |
HS |
W N.Y. |
1966 |
1 (.4) |
Ansley Wilcox House, where Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office (1901) as president. |
| Thomas Stone |
HS |
S Md. |
1978 |
328 (133) |
Georgian-style home, Habre-de-Ventre, of a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Tumacacori |
HP |
S Ariz. |
1908 |
46 (19) |
Mission founded by Father Eusebio F. Kino; rebuilt by the Franciscans. |
| Tuskegee Airmen |
HS |
SE Ala. |
1999 |
90 (36) |
Site commemorating the African-American Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. |
| Tuskegee Institute |
HS |
S Ala. |
1974 |
58 (23) |
First institution of higher learning for the vocational training of African Americans; founded in 1881. |
| Ulysses S. Grant |
HS |
Missouri |
1989 |
10 (4) |
PreCivil War home of Ulysses S. Grant. |
| Valley Forge |
HP |
SE Pa. |
1976 |
3,466 (1,404) |
Soldiers' huts and preserved buildings re-create the 177778 encampment of the Continental Army. |
| Vanderbilt Mansion |
HS |
E N.Y. |
1940 |
212 (86) |
19th-century palatial Victorian residence of a grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt. |
| War in the Pacific |
HP |
Central Guam |
1978 |
2,031 (822) |
Artifacts of World War II in the Pacific theater. |
| Washita Battlefield |
HS |
Okla. |
1848 |
315 (128) |
Site of a Southern Cheyenne village attacked by General Custer on Nov. 27, 1868. |
| Weir Farm |
HS |
Conn. |
1990 |
74 (30) |
Home and studio of the American impressionist painter J. Alden Weir. |
| Whitman Mission |
HS |
SW Wash. |
1936 |
98 (40) |
Site of the mission of Dr. Marcus Whitman. |
| William Howard Taft |
HS |
SW Ohio |
1969 |
3 (1) |
Birthplace and early home of President William Howard Taft. |
| Women's Rights |
HP |
W N.Y. |
1980 |
6 (2) |
Includes Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, site of first women's rights convention (1848), and the home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
National Memorials |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Arkansas Post |
MM |
SE Ark. |
1960 |
747 (302) |
Site of the first permanent French settlement in the lower Mississippi valley. See Arkansas Post. |
| Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial |
MM |
NE Va. |
1925 |
28 (11) |
Former home of the Custis and Lee families; memorial to Robert E. Lee. |
| Chamizal |
MM |
W Tex. |
1966 |
55 (22) |
Memorializes the peaceful settlement of the 99-year border dispute between the United States and Mexico. |
| Coronado |
MM |
SE Ariz. |
1952 |
4,750 (1,924) |
Area near Francisco VAsquez de Coronado's point of entry (1540) into the United States. |
| De Soto |
MM |
W Fla. |
1948 |
27 (11) |
Commemorates the landing (1539) of Hernando De Soto in Florida and his exploration of the S United States. |
| Federal Hall |
MM |
SE N.Y. |
1939 |
.45 (.18) |
Site of the first seat of the federal government and George Washington's inauguration (1789). |
| Fort Caroline |
MM |
NE Fla. |
1950 |
138 (56) |
Area overlooking the site of Fort Caroline. |
| Fort Clatsop |
MM |
NW Oreg. |
1958 |
125 (51) |
Site of the winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1997 |
8 (3) |
Monument to Roosevelt on the Mall in the nation's capital. |
| General Grant |
MM |
SE N.Y. |
1958 |
.76 (.31) |
Tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia. |
| Hamilton Grange |
MM |
SE N.Y. |
1962 |
.11 (.04) |
Home of Alexander Hamilton. |
| Jefferson National Expansion Memorial |
MM |
E Mo. |
1935 |
193 (78) |
Area commemorating westward exploration and settlement; includes Gateway Arch. See Saint Louis, Mo. |
| Johnstown Flood |
MM |
SE Pa. |
1964 |
164 (66) |
Memorializes the Johnstown flood of 1889. See Johnstown, Pa. |
| Korean War Veterans Memorial |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1986 |
2 (.8) |
Grouping of 19 infantry soldiers standing before a polished granite wall. |
| Lincoln Boyhood |
MM |
SW Ind. |
1962 |
200 (81) |
Site of the farm where Abraham Lincoln was raised and the burial place of his mother, Mary Hanks Lincoln. |
| Lincoln Memorial |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1911 |
107 (45) |
See Lincoln Memorial. |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac |
MM |
NE Va. |
1973 |
17 (7) |
Grove of 500 white pines overlooking Potomac River vista of the capital. |
| Mount Rushmore |
MM |
SW S.Dak. |
1925 |
1,278 (518) |
Carvings of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt on the granite face of Mt. Rushmore. |
| Oklahoma City |
MM |
Okla. |
1997 |
6 (2) |
Site honoring the rescuers and victims killed in the Apr. 19, 1995, bombing of the Federal Building. |
| Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial |
MM |
N Ohio |
1936 |
25 (10) |
Scene of the victory near Put-in Bay of Oliver H. Perry in the War of 1812. |
| Roger Williams |
MM |
E R.I. |
1965 |
5 (2) |
Memorial to Roger Williams, the founder of the Rhode Island colony and a pioneer of religious freedom. |
| Thaddeus Kosciuszko |
MM |
SE Pa. |
1972 |
.02 (.01) |
Commemorates the life and work of Thaddeus Kosciusko. |
| Thomas Jefferson |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1934 |
18 (7) |
See Thomas Jefferson Memorial. |
| USS Arizona Memorial |
MM |
S Honolulu, Hawaii |
1980 |
|
A memorial to American losses at Pearl Harbor. |
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1980 |
2 (.8) |
See Vietnam Veterans Memorial. |
| Washington Monument |
MM |
Washington, D.C. |
1848 |
106 (43) |
555-ft (169-m) high obelisk honoring Washington. |
| Wright Brothers |
MM |
NE N.C. |
1927 |
428 (173) |
Scene of the first (1903) successful flight of the Wright brothers. |
National Battlefields, Battlefield Parks, Battlefield Sites, and Military Parks |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Antietam |
BF |
Central Md. |
1890 |
3,223 (1,305) |
See Antietam campaign. Antietam (Sharpsburg) National Cemetery adjoins the park. |
| Big Hole |
BF |
SW Mont. |
1910 |
656 (266) |
Scene of 1877 battle between U.S. troops and Nez PercE led by Chief Joseph. |
| Brices Cross Roads |
BS |
NE Miss. |
1929 |
1 (.4) |
Site of a rout of Union troops by Confederate cavalry under General N. B. Forrest (June 10, 1864). |
| Chickamauga and Chattanooga |
MP |
Ga., Tenn. |
1890 |
8,129 (3,291) |
Civil War battle sites; first national military park. |
| Cowpens |
BF |
NW S.C. |
1929 |
932 (377) |
Site of an American militia victory over British infantry and cavalry forces in the Revolutionary War battle of Cowpens (Jan. 17, 1781). |
| Fort Donelson |
BF |
NW Tenn. |
1928 |
552 (224) |
Site of first Union Army victory; Civil War cemetery. |
| Fort Necessity |
BF |
SW Pa. |
1931 |
903 (366) |
George Washington's troops defeated here in 1754. |
| Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial |
MP |
NE Va. |
1927 |
7,924 (3,208) |
Contains portions of four major Civil War battlefields (see Fredericksburg, battle of) and a national cemetery. |
| Gettysburg |
MP |
S Pa. |
1895 |
5,984 (2,423) |
Civil War battlefield and cemetery; site of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. See Gettysburg, Pa. |
| Guilford Courthouse |
MP |
N N.C. |
1917 |
223 (90) |
See Guilford Courthouse, battle of. |
| Horseshoe Bend |
MP |
E Ala. |
1956 |
2,040 (826) |
See Horseshoe Bend. |
| Kennesaw Mountain |
BP |
NW Ga. |
1917 |
2,884 (1,168) |
Site of Sherman's attack on the Confederate forces in the Atlanta campaign. |
| Kings Mountain |
MP |
N S.C. |
1931 |
3,945 (1,598) |
Site of a crucial American victory (Oct. 7, 1780) over the British during the Revolution. |
| Manassas |
BP |
NE Va. |
1940 |
5,072 (2,054) |
See Bull Run. |
| Monocacy |
BF |
W Md. |
1976 |
1,647 (667) |
Site commemorates the first successful defense of Washington, D.C. during the Civil War. |
| Moores Creek |
BF |
SE N.C. |
1926 |
88 (36) |
Site of a battle between Patriots and Loyalists. |
| Pea Ridge |
MP |
NW Ark. |
1956 |
4,300 (1,742) |
Site of the Civil War battle of Pea Ridge, which saved Missouri for the Union. |
| Petersburg |
BF |
SE Va. |
1926 |
2,659 (1,077) |
Scene of the Battle of the Crater and a 10-month Union campaign (186465) to seize Petersburg, Va. |
| Richmond |
BP |
E Va. |
1936 |
1,718 (696) |
Commemorates Civil War battles of Cold Harbor, Drewry's Bluff, Gaines Mill, Malvern Hill, and Beaver Dam Creek. |
| Shiloh |
MP |
SW Tenn. |
1894 |
3,973 (1,609) |
Site of the Civil War battle of Shiloh. Shiloh National Cemetery is there. |
| Stones River |
BF |
Central Tenn. |
1927 |
713 (289) |
See Murfreesboro, Tenn. Site of Stones River National Cemetery. |
| Tupelo |
BF |
NE Miss. |
1929 |
1 (.4) |
See Tupelo, Miss. |
| Vicksburg |
MP |
W Miss. |
1899 |
1,740 (704) |
Site of the Vicksburg campaign of the Civil War and Vicksburg National Cemetery. |
| Wilson's Creek |
BF |
Missouri |
1960 |
1,750 (709) |
Site of first major Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi. |
National Preserves and Reserves |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Bering Land Bridge |
PS |
NW Alaska |
1978 |
2,697,639 (1,092,162) |
Remnant of land bridge that connected Alaska with Asia. |
| Big Cypress |
PA |
S Fla. |
1974 |
720,570 (291,729) |
Subtropical plant and animal life; ancestral home of Seminole and Miccosukee peoples. |
| Big Thicket |
PS |
SE Tex. |
1974 |
97,191 (39,349) |
Large number of plant and animal species. |
| City of Rocks |
NR |
Idaho |
1988 |
14,107 (5,711) |
Granite spires, sculptured rock formations. |
| Ebey's Landing |
NR |
Whidbey Island, Wash. |
1978 |
19,000 (7,695) |
Records exploration and settlement of Puget Sound. |
| Little River Canyon |
PS |
NE Ala. |
1992 |
13,633 (5,519) |
Rock expanses, benches, and bluffs; kayaking and rock climbing. |
| Mojave |
PS |
S Calif. |
1994 |
1,508,045 (610,545) |
Dunes, cinder cones, historic mining scenes; protects fragile habitat of the desert tortoise. |
| Noatak |
PS |
Alaska |
1978 |
6,569,904 (2,660,811) |
Mountain-ringed river basin. |
| Tallgrass Prairie |
PS |
E Kansas |
1996 |
10,894 (4,411) |
Preserve protecting surviving remnant of the tallgrass ecosystem. |
| Timucan Ecological and Historic Preserve |
PS |
Fla. |
1988 |
46,019 (18,631) |
Atlantic coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks. |
| Yukon-Charley Rivers |
PS |
E central Alaska |
1978 |
2,526,512 (1,022,879) |
Peregrine falcons, 1898 Gold Rush relics. |
National Recreation Areas |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Amistad |
RA |
S Tex. |
1965 |
58,500 (23,693) |
U.S. part of Amistad Reservoir, on the Rio Grande. |
| Bighorn Canyon |
RA |
Mont., Wyo. |
1966 |
120,296 (48,720) |
Yellowtail Dam and spectacular Bighorn Canyon, on the Bighorn River. |
| Boston Harbor Islands |
RA |
E Mass. |
1996 |
1,482 (600) |
Thirty islands off the Greater Boston coast. |
| Chattahoochie River |
RA |
Georgia |
1978 |
9,260 (3,750) |
Series of historic and recreational sites along the Chattahoochie River. |
| Chickasaw |
RA |
S Okla. |
1976 |
9,889 (4,005) |
Mineral springs, streams, and lakes. Name honors Chickasaw Nation; combination of former Platt National Park and Arbuckle National Recreation Area. |
| Curecanti |
RA |
E Colo. |
1965 |
41,972 (16,993) |
Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal reservoirs in the upper Black Canyon of the Gunnison. |
| Cuyahoga Valley |
RA |
NE Ohio |
1974 |
32,859 (13,303) |
Preserves rural character of Cuyahoga River Valley. |
| Delaware Water Gap |
RA |
N.J., Pa. |
1965 |
66,756 (27,027) |
Scenic Delaware Water Gap. |
| Gateway |
RA |
N.Y., N.J. |
1972 |
26,610 (10,773) |
Beaches, marshes, islands, and waters in and around New York City. One of the first two national urban recreation areas. |
| Gauley River |
RA |
W Va. |
1988 |
11,342 (4,592) |
Passes through scenic valleys and gorges; whitewater boating. |
| Glen Canyon |
RA |
Ariz., Utah |
1958 |
1,254,306 (507,816) |
Lake Powell, formed by the Glen Canyon Dam. |
| Golden Gate |
RA |
W Calif. |
1972 |
73,688 (29,833) |
Beaches, forests, marshes, San Francisco's Presidio, and Alcatraz Island. One of the first two national urban recreation areas. |
| Lake Chelan |
RA |
N Wash. |
1968 |
61,958 (25,084) |
Located in the Stehekin Valley and in the northern part of fjordlike Lake Chelan. |
| Lake Mead |
RA |
Ariz., Nev. |
1936 |
1,495,666 (605,745) |
Lake Mead, formed by Hoover Dam, and Lake Mohave, formed by Davis Dam; the first national recreation area established by Congress. |
| Lake Meredith |
RA |
NW Tex. |
1965 |
44,978 (18,216) |
Includes Lake Meredith, on the Canadian River, a popular water-sports area. |
| Lake Roosevelt |
RA |
NE Wash. |
1946 |
100,390 (40,658) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, formed by the Grand Coulee Dam in the Columbia River; interesting geology. |
| Ross Lake |
RA |
N Wash. |
1968 |
117,575 (47,618) |
Extends along the Skagit River canyon; bisects North Cascades National Park. |
| Santa Monica Mountains |
RA |
SW Calif. |
1978 |
153,824 (62,277) |
Rugged, chaparral-covered landscape fronting on sandy beaches. |
| Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity |
RA |
N Calif. |
1965 |
42,503 (17,214) |
Reservoirs and forestland; the National Park Service runs the Whiskeytown unit, and the Forest Service administers the Shasta and Trinity units. |
National Rivers |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Alagnak |
WS |
SW Alaska |
1980 |
30,665 (12,415) |
White water and salmon fishing. |
| Big South Fork |
RR |
Ky., Tenn. |
1976 |
125,242 (50,705) |
Scenic gorges and valleys. |
| Bluestone |
WS |
SW W.Va. |
1988 |
4,310 (1,745) |
Fishing, hiking, boating, and scenery. |
| Buffalo |
RI |
NW Ark. |
1972 |
94,292 (38,175) |
136-mi (219-km) stretch of the Buffalo River and its valley; the first national river. |
| Delaware |
WS |
N.J.-Pa. |
1978 |
1,973 (799) |
Swimming, boating, and fishing on Delaware River through the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. |
| Great Egg Harbor |
WS |
SW N.J. |
1992 |
|
129 mi (208 km) long; largest canoeing river in the Pine Barrens. |
| Lower St. Croix |
WS |
E Minn., NW Wis. |
1972 |
25,279 (10,234) |
First river segment added by Congress to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. |
| Mississippi River |
RR |
Minn. |
1988 |
53,775 (21,779) |
Cultural, historical, and industrial features of the Mississippi River. |
| Missouri |
WS |
S.Dak. to Neb. |
1978 |
|
Two free-flowing portions of Missouri River with islands, bars, and chutes; native floodplain forest. |
| New River Gorge |
RI |
W Va. |
1978 |
69,834 (28,273) |
Rugged whitewater river flows through deep canyons. |
| Niobrara |
WS |
N Nebr. |
1991 |
|
Ecological crossroads between eastern woodlands and western grasslands. |
| Obed |
WS |
E Tenn. |
1976 |
5,173 (2,094) |
Numerous streams and rugged scenery. |
| Ozark |
WS |
Mo. |
1964 |
80,786 (32,707) |
Scenic parts of the Current and Jacks Fork rivers; the first national scenic river. |
| Rio Grande |
WS |
S Tex. |
1978 |
9,600 (3,888) |
191-mi (307-km) strip of land on the U.S. shore of the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert. |
| Saint Croix |
WS |
Minn., Wis. |
1968 |
67,483 (27,321) |
200 mi (322 km) of the St. Croix River and its Namekagon tributary; trails, camping, boating. |
| Upper Delaware |
WS |
Pa., N.Y. |
1978 |
75,005 (30,366) |
Fishing and boating. |
National Lakeshores and Seashores |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Apostle Islands |
LS |
NW Wis. |
1970 |
69,372 (28,096) |
Apostle Islands and a strip of the Bayfield Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Superior. |
| Assateague Island |
SS |
Md., Va. |
1965 |
39,723 (16,082) |
37-mi (60-km) barrier island; beaches; wildlife refuge including wild ponies. |
| Canaveral |
SS |
E Fla. |
1975 |
57,662 (23,353) |
Barrier island dunes and marshland that includes a wildlife refuge. |
| Cape Cod |
SS |
SE Mass. |
1961 |
43,685 (17,686) |
See Cape Cod. |
| Cape Hatteras |
SS |
E N.C. |
1937 |
30,321 (12,276) |
The first national seashore. See under Hatteras, Cape. |
| Cape Lookout |
SS |
E N.C. |
1966 |
28,243 (11,438) |
Three barrier islands with beaches, sand dunes, and salt marshes; Cape Lookout Lighthouse. |
| Cumberland Island |
SS |
SE Ga. |
1972 |
36,415 (14,748) |
Largest island off Georgia; beaches, sand dunes, marshes, and lakes. |
| Fire Island |
SS |
SE N.Y. |
1964 |
19,579 (7,929) |
Covers section of Fire Island. |
| Gulf Islands |
SS |
Fla., Miss. |
1971 |
137,458 (55,651) |
Historic forts and white sand beaches near Pensacola, Fla.; Fort Massachusetts and primitive offshore islands in S Miss. |
| Indiana Dunes |
LS |
NW Ind. |
1966 |
15,138 (6,129) |
200-ft (60-m) sand dunes, beaches, and marshes along the south shore of Lake Michigan. |
| Padre Island |
SS |
S Tex. |
1962 |
130,434 (52,826) |
See Padre Island, Tex. |
| Pictured Rocks |
LS |
N Mich. |
1966 |
73,228 (29,657) |
Sandstone cliffs, marshes, dunes, and waterfalls along Lake Superior; the first national lakeshore. |
| Point Reyes |
SS |
W Calif. |
1962 |
71,068 (28,772) |
Coastal area with beaches and steep bluffs. |
| Sleeping Bear Dunes |
LS |
W central Mich. |
1970 |
71,196 (28,824) |
Section of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the North and South Manitoulin islands; beaches, sand dunes, forests. |
Other Areas |
| Name |
Type1 |
Location |
Year authorized |
Size
acres (hectares) |
Description |
| Appalachian |
ST |
Maine, N.H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Md., W.Va., Va., Tenn., N.C., Ga. |
1968 |
214,528 (86,853) |
See Appalachian Trail. |
| Blue Ridge |
PW |
Va., N.C. |
1936 |
88,689 (35,906) |
Scenic route in the Blue Ridge Mts. between Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mts. national parks; many roadside parks, lookouts, and trails; the first national parkway. |
| California |
HT |
Missouri River to Calif. and Oreg. |
1992 |
|
Former migration route extending 5,600 mi (9,010 km) from the Missouri River to California and Oregon. |
| Catoctin Mountain Park |
PO |
NW Md. |
1936 |
5,770 (2,337) |
Campgrounds, trails, and scenic drive located in the Catoctin Mts.; Camp David, the presidential retreat, is there. |
| Constitution Gardens |
PO |
Washington, D.C. |
1978 |
52 (21) |
Memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Divide |
ST |
Mont., Idaho, Wyo., Colo., N.Mex. |
1978 |
3,200 (1,296) |
Runs the length of the Rocky Mountains. |
| Florida |
ST |
S Fla. |
1983 |
|
Subtropical plant and animal life along 1,300-mi (2,092-km) trail. |
| Fort Washington Park |
PO |
Washington, D.C. |
1930 |
341 (138) |
19th-century fort. |
| George Washington Memorial Parkway |
PW |
Va., D.C., Md. |
1930 |
7,248 (2,935) |
Parkway connecting landmarks associated with the life of George Washington along both sides of the Potomac River from Mt. Vernon to Great Falls. |
| Greenbelt |
PO |
N Md. |
1950 |
1,176 (476) |
Woodland park. |
| Ice Age |
ST |
S Wis. |
1980 |
|
100-mi (161-km) trail follows glacial moraines. |
| Iditarod |
HT |
Alaska |
1978 |
|
Former Alaska Gold Rush trail extending 2,350 mi (3,781 km) from Seward to Nome. |
| John D. Rockefeller, Jr. |
PW |
NW Wyo. |
1972 |
23,777 (9,622) |
Scenic corridor between Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks commemorating Rockefeller's role in the creation of many national parks. |
| Juan Bautista de Anza |
HT |
W Calif. |
1990 |
|
1,200-mi (1,931-km) trail traces the path of Spanish colonists. |
| Lewis and Clark |
HT |
Mo., Neb., S.Dak., N.Dak., Mont., Idaho, Oreg. |
1978 |
|
3,700-mi (5,953-km) historic trail commemorates the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
| Mormon Pioneer |
HT |
Ill., Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah |
1978 |
|
Historic trail follows the route taken by Brigham Young and his followers in 184748. |
| Natchez Trace |
ST |
Miss., Tenn. |
1983 |
10,995 (4,453) |
Trail extends from Nashville, Tenn., to Natchez, Miss. |
| Natchez Trace |
PW |
Miss., Ala., Tenn. |
1938 |
51,748 (20,958) |
Parkway following the general location of the old trail known as the Natchez Trace. |
| National Capital Parks |
PO |
D.C., Va., Md. |
1790 |
6,544 (2,649) |
More than 300 parks, parkways, and military fortifications in and around Washington, D.C. |
| National Mall |
PO |
Washington, D.C. |
1933 |
146 (59) |
Landscaped park, part of the L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C. |
| Nez PercE |
HT |
Oregon, Idaho, Mont., Wyo. |
1986 |
|
1,170-mi (1,883-km) trail commemorates the retreat of the Nez PercE under Chief Joseph in 1877. |
| North Country |
ST |
N.Y. to N.Dak. |
1980 |
|
Extends 3,200 mi (5,149 km), connecting seven northern tier states. |
| Oregon |
HT |
Mo. to Oreg. |
1978 |
|
Traces the c.2,000-mi (3,200-km) route of pioneers in 184160. |
| Overmountain Victory |
HT |
Tenn., Va., N.C., S.C. |
1980 |
|
Follows the 300-mi (483-km) path of revolutionary Patriots. |
| Pacific Crest |
ST |
Calif., Oreg., Wash. |
1968 |
|
Follows the Sierra and Cascade peaks 2,638 mi (4,245 km) from Mexico to Canada; along with the Appalachian Trail one of the two initial components of the National Trails System. |
| Piscataway Park |
PO |
S Md. |
1961 |
4,486 (1,816) |
Preserves the view from Mt. Vernon of the opposite shore of the Potomac River. |
| Pony Express |
HT |
Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah, Nev., Calif. |
1992 |
|
Follows the 1,966-mi (3,163-km) route of the pony express riders in 186061. |
| Potomac Heritage |
ST |
Va., D.C., Md., Pa. |
1983 |
|
704-mi (1,133-km) trail connects the tidewater regions to the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania. |
| Prince William Forest Park |
PO |
NE Va. |
1936 |
18,572 (7,522) |
Pine and hardwood forests of the Quantico Creek watershed. |
| Rock Creek Park |
PO |
Washington, D.C. |
1890 |
1,754 (710) |
Wooded preserve, one of the largest urban parks in the nation. |
| Santa Fe |
HT |
Mo., Kans., Okla., Col., N.Mex. |
1987 |
|
Traces the 1,203-mi (1,936-km) route of famous Santa Fe Trail. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Island |
PO |
Washington, D.C., Va. |
1932 |
89 (36) |
Wilderness preserve in the Potomac River; a tribute to the "conservationist president." |
| Trail of Tears |
HT |
N.C., Tenn., Ga., Ala., Ark., Okla. |
1987 |
|
2,200-mi (3,540-km) trail commemorates the routes of forced migration of more than 15,000 Cherokee from their ancestral homes. |
| White House |
PO |
Washington, D.C. |
1933 |
18 (7) |
See White House. |
| Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts |
PO |
N Va. |
1966 |
130 (53) |
Set in a rolling, wooded landscaped area to provide artistic enjoyment and recreation; the first national park for the performing arts. |
|
