| Augustus, grandnephew of Julius Caesar, 27 B.C.A.D. 14 |
| Tiberius, stepson of Augustus, A.D. 14A.D. 37 |
| Caligula, grandnephew of Tiberius, 3741 |
| Claudius, uncle of Caligula, 4154 |
| Nero, stepson of Claudius, 5468 |
| Galba, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 6869 |
| Otho, military commander, 69 |
| Vespasian, military commander, 6979 |
| Vitellius, military commander, 69 |
| Titus, son of Vespasian, 7981 |
| Domitian, son of Vespasian, 8196 |
| Nerva, elected interim ruler, 9698 |
| Trajan, adopted son of Nerva, 98117 |
| Hadrian, ward of Trajan, 11738 |
| Antoninus Pius, adopted by Hadrian, 13861 |
| Marcus Aurelius, adopted by Antoninus Pius, 16180 |
| Lucius Verus, adopted by Antoninus Pius; ruled jointly Marcus Aurelius, 16169 |
| Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, 18092 |
| Pertinax, proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard, 193 |
| Didius Julianus, bought office from the Praetorian Guard, 193 |
| Severus, proclaimed emperor, 193211 |
| Caracalla, son of Severus, 21117 |
| Geta, son of Severus, ruled jointly with Caracalla, 21112 |
| Macrinus, proclaimed emperor by his soldiers, 21718 |
| Heliogabalus, cousin of Caracalla, 21822 |
| Alexander Severus, cousin of Heliogabalus, 22235 |
| Maximin, proclaimed emperor by soldiers, 23538 |
| Gordian I, made emperor by the senate, 238 |
| Gordian II, son of Gordian I, ruled jointly with his father, 238 |
| Balbinus, elected joint emperor by the senate, 238 |
| Pupienus Maximus, elected joint emperor with Balbinus by the senate, 238 |
| Gordian III, son of Gordian II, 23844 |
| Philip (the Arabian), assassin of Gordian III, 24449 |
| Decius, proclaimed emperor by the soldiers, 24951 |
| Hostilianus, son of Decius, colleague of Gallus, 251 |
| Gallus, military commander, 25153 |
| Aemilianus, military commander, 253 |
| Valerian, military commander, 25360 |
| Gallienus, son of Valerian, coemperor with his father and later sole emperor, 25368 |
| Claudius II, military commander, 26870 |
| Aurelian, chosen by Claudius II as successor, 27075 |
| Tacitus, chosen by the senate, 27576 |
| Florianus, half brother of Tacitus, 276 |
| Probus, military commander, 27682 |
| Carus, proclaimed by the Praetorian Guard, 28283 |
| Carinus, son of Carus, 28385 |
| Numerianus, son of Carus, joint emperor with Carinus, 28384 |
| Diocletian, military commander, divided the empire; ruled jointly with Maximian and Constantius I, 284305 |
| Maximian, appointed joint emperor by Diocletian, 286305 |
| Constantius I, joint emperor and successor of Diocletian, 3056 |
| Galerius, joint emperor with Constantius I, 30510 |
| Maximin, nephew of Galerius, 30813 |
| Licinius, appointed emperor in the West by Galerius; later emperor in the East, 30824 |
| Maxentius, son of Maximian, 30612 |
| Constantine I (the Great), son of Constantius I, 30637 |
| Constantine II, son of Constantine I, 33740 |
| Constans, son of Constantine I, 33750 |
| Constantius II, son of Constantine I, 33761 |
| Magnentius, usurped Constans' throne, 35053 |
| Julian (the Apostate), nephew of Constantine I, 36163 |
| Jovian, elected by the army, 36364 |
| Valentinian I, proclaimed by the army; ruled in the West, 36475 |
| Valens, brother of Valentinian I; ruled in the East, 36478 |
| Gratian, son of Valentinian I; coruler in the West with Valentinian II, 37583 |
| Maximus, usurper in the West, 38388 |
| Valentinian II, son of Valentinian I, ruler of the West, 37592 |
| Eugenius, usurper in the West, 39394 |
| Theodosius I (the Great), appointed ruler of the East, 37995, by Gratian; last ruler of united empire, 39495 |
Emperors in the East
(until the fall of Rome; see table entitled Rulers of the Byzantine Empire for later emperors) |
| Arcadius, son of Theodosius I, 395408 |
| Theodosius II, son of Arcadius, 40850 |
| Marcian, brother-in-law of Theodosius II, 45057 |
| Leo I, chosen by the senate, 45774 |
| Leo II, grandson of Leo I, 474 |
| Zeno, 47475 |
| Basilicus, 47576 |
Emperors in the West |
| Honorius, son of Theodosius I, 395423 |
| Maximus, usurper in Spain, 40911 |
| Constantius III, named joint emperor by Honorius, 421 |
| Valentinian III, nephew of Honorius and son of Constantius III, 42555 |
| Petronius Maximus, bought office by bribery, 455 |
| Avitus, placed in office by Goths, 45556 |
| Majorian, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 45761 |
| Libius Severus, puppet emperor of Ricimer, 46165 |
| Anthemius, appointed by Ricimer and Leo I, 46772 |
| Olybrius, appointed by Ricimer, 47273 |
| Glycerius, appointed by Leo I, 47374 |
| Julius Nepos, appointed by Leo I, 47475 |
| Romulus Augustulus, put in office by Orestes, his father, 47476 |
