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The territory is divided into four districts: Laayoune, Essemara, Boujdour, and Oued Essemara. Part of the Sahara, it is extremely arid and is almost entirely covered with stones, gravel, or sand. Rocky highlands in the east reach c.1,500 ft (460 m). The main towns are Laayoune (formerly El AaiUn), the capital; Dakhla (formerly Villa Cisneros); Boujdour; and Essemara. The population is predominantly made up of Arabs and Berbers; during the rainy season pastoral nomads temporarily migrate into the territory. Both Hasaniya Arabic and Moroccan Arabic are spoken; most of the population is Sunni Muslim.
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