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Indonesia Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
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Figure 17. Officer Ranks and Insignia, 1992
Figure 18. Enlisted Ranks and Insignia, 1992
Grade and rank structure was standard throughout the
three
military services and the police. It corresponded to that
common
to most military systems, with minor deviations. No formal
class
of warrant officers existed between the enlisted and
commissioned
hierarchies. The first and second assistant lieutenants
ranks
were being gradually phased out and the two levels of
officer
candidate--calon perwira--were converted to NCO
status.
Changes announced in 1991 added two steps to enlisted
ranks:
chief private and chief corporal
(see
fig. 17;
fig. 18).
One title unique to Indonesia is panglima, a
traditional heroic rank revived during the National
Revolution.
Although panglima is often translated as commander,
it
carries a higher connotation of honor and power. Its
bearers,
usually flag officers of various ranks, derive enhanced
personal
status from serving as panglima. In the 1980s,
tradition
evolved to limit the title panglima to the ABRI
commander
in chief and the commanders of Kostrad and the ten Kodams.
Uniforms of the four services were distinguished by
color and
style, with variations in headgear and other details
distinguishing some elite troops, who wore various colors
of
berets. Army working and ceremonial uniforms were olive
drab and
those of the police, dark brown. Air force and navy
uniforms were
medium blue and navy blue, respectively. Rank insignia
were
standardized among the services. In ceremonial and service
dress,
officers wore them on the shoulder epaulet. Field uniform
insignia were moved in 1991 from the front of the fatigue
shirt
to the collar tip. Rank insignia were worn on the sleeves
for
NCOs and enlisted personnel.
Data as of November 1992
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