|
Iran
Navy
The Iranian navy has always been the smallest of the three services,
having about 14,500 personnel in 1986, down from 30,000 in 1979.
Throughout the 1970s, the role of the navy had expanded as Iran
recognized the need to defend the region's vital sea-lanes (see
table 10, Appendix). In 1977 the bulk of the fleet was shifted
from Khorramshahr to the newly completed base at Bandar-e Abbas,
the new naval headquarters. Bushehr was the other main base; smaller
facilities were located at Khorramshahr, Khark Island, and Bandar-e
Khomeini (formerly known as Bandar-e Shahpur). Bandar-e Anzelli
(formerly known as Bandar-e Pahlavi) was the major training base
and home of the small Caspian fleet, which consisted of a few
patrol boats and a minesweeper. The naval base at Bandar Beheshti
(formerly known as Chah Bahar) on the Gulf of Oman had been under
construction since the late 1970s and in late 1987 still was not
completed. Smaller facilities were located near the Strait of
Hormuz.
The Navy's airborne component, including an antisubmarine warfare
(ASW) and minesweeping helicopter squadron and a transport battalion,
continued to operate in 1986 despite wartime losses. Of six P-3F
Orion antisubmarine aircraft, perhaps two remained operational,
and of twenty SH-3D ASW helicopters, possibly only ten were airworthy.
Despite overall losses, the navy increased the number of its marine
battalions from two to three between 1979 and 1986.
Entirely of foreign origin, Iran's naval fleet has suffered major
losses since the beginning of the war, when it was made up of
American- and British-made destroyers and frigates, and some sixty
smaller vessels and one of the largest Hovercraft fleets in the
world. The Hovercraft had been expressly chosen to operate in
the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf and proved useful in the
1971 occupation of Abu Musa and the Tunbs. After the cancellation
of foreign orders in 1979, the rapid matériel advance of the navy
was halted. For example, the shah's government had ordered six
Spruance-class destroyers equipped for antiaircraft operations
and three diesel-powered Tang-class submarines from the United
States. Washington canceled the sale of these vessels, selling
the submarines to Turkey and absorbing the destroyers into the
United States Navy. In 1979 Khomeini also canceled an order for
six type-209 submarines from West Germany.
What naval vessels remained in 1987 suffered from two major problems--lack
of maintenance and lack of spare parts. After the departure of
British-United States maintenance teams, the Iranian navy conducted
only limited repairs, despite the availability of a completed
Fleet Maintenance Unit at Bandar-e Abbas; consequently, several
ships were laid up. Lack of spare parts also plagued the navy
more than other services, because Western naval equipment was
less widely available on world arms markets than other equipment.
Iran's ambitious plans for escort and patrol capabilities in
the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean may not be realized until
the Bandar Beheshti naval facility is completed. The country's
interest in navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has not diminished,
as the contemplated deployment of Chinese-made Silkworm HY-2 surface-to-surface
missiles on Larak Island in 1987 clearly indicated. This development
underscored Iran's interest in Gulf waters and the navy's role,
along with that of Pasdaran units, in protecting them or in denying
them to others.
Data as of December 1987
|
