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China Integration of Administrative Systems
In the late 1980s, two of the five research subsystems--the
Chinese Academy of Sciences and the military system--were
relatively privileged in receiving government financing and being
supplied with scarce resources and historically had tended to form
closed, self-sufficient domains. The system under the State Science
and Technology Commission, which included the largest number of
research institutes, was marked by wide variations in quality and
a vertical, bureaucratic mode of organization that inhibited
collaboration and exchange of information. Both the universities
and the research institutes attached to large industrial complexes
were short of funds and out of the mainstream of research. Overall,
China's science and technology structure was marked by lopsided
distribution of skilled manpower, pervasive fragmentation,
compartmentalization, and duplication of research--an outcome of
the 1950s decision to adopt a bureaucratic mode of organization for
science and technology. Chinese policy makers were well aware of
these problems and, over the years, had responded with two forms of
organizational remedies: high-level coordinating bodies and mass
scientific associations that cut across administrative boundaries.
Data as of July 1987
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